平欧杂种榛不同品种(系)坚果品质的比较研究

Comparison of nut quality of different cultivars(lines)of interspecific hybrid F_(1) between Corylus heterophylla Fisch.and Corylus avellana L.

以1个平榛品系为对照,比较了32个平欧杂种榛品种(系)的坚果外观性状、果仁有机营养含量和矿质元素含量,以期选出优良的品种(系)。结果表明:81-3坚果重2.92 g;仁重1.49 g,显著高于其他32个品种(系);出仁率51.29%,坚果形状指数近1,近圆形,坚果综合外观性状优良。82-15和84-232壳腰厚度分别为1.08 mm和1.03 mm,出仁率在51%以上,属壳薄、出仁率高的品系。84-14和83-62单果重均超过了3 g,属大果品系。33个种质果仁的脂肪含量在53.87%~67.51%,81-3和84-232脂肪含量较高,分别为66.93%、66.07%。所有种质果仁可溶性蛋白含量在12.54%~25.64%,82-15和84-14蛋白质含量较高,分别为24.33%、23.78%。33个种质果仁可溶性糖含量在1.47%~8.57%,83-62和84-14可溶性糖含量为8.57%和7.51%。‘玉坠’Ca含量较高,为0.6103%。82-15 Fe含量较高,为172.8883 mg/kg。综上所述,81-3是坚果外观性状和营养品质均优良的品系,82-15和84-232是壳薄、出仁率高和营养品质优良的品系,84-14和83-62是果大和营养品质优良的品系。

In this study,32 cultivars or lines of interspecific hybrid F1 between Corylus heterophylla Fisch.and Corylus avellana L.together with one line of Corylus heterophylla Fisch.were compared in terms of nut appearance characters,kernel organic nutrition content and mineral element content,aiming at selecting cultivars or lines with relatively good appearance quality and nutritional value.The results showed that the nut mass of the line 81-3 was 2.92 g.The kernel mass of 81-3 was 1.49 g which was significantly higher than that of other 32 cultivars or lines.Kernel mass percentage of 81-3 was as high as 51.29%.The nut shape index of 81-3 was nearly 1 and the shape was nearly round.The comprehensive appearance of nuts was excellent.The line of 82-15 and 84-232 had shell thicknesses of 1.08 mm and 1.03 mm respectively.And the kernel mass percentage rates of the two lines were above 51%.82-15 and 84-232 were lines with thin shell and high kernel rate.The nut mass of 84-14 and 83-62 were more than 3 g,belonging to large nut lines.The kernel crude fat content of 33 varieties(including one line of Corylus heterophylla Fisch.)ranged from 53.87%to 67.51%.The lines of 81-3 and 84-232 had higher fat content,which were 66.93%and 66.07%respectively.The soluble protein contents of all varieties were between 12.54%and 25.64%.The protein contents of 82-15 and 84-14 were relatively high those were 24.33%and 23.78%.The soluble sugar contents of 33 varieties ranged from 1.47%to 8.57%.The soluble sugar contents of 83-62 and 84-14 were 8.57%and 7.51%.’Yuzhui’had a high Ca content of 0.6103%.Line 82-15 had high Fe content of 172.8883 mg/kg.In summary,81-3 was a good line of nut appearance and nutritional quality.82-15 and 84-232 were lines with thin shell,high kernel rate and good nutritional quality.84-14 and 83-62 were lines with big nut and good nutritional quality.