采收期对‘鸭梨’果实品质及耐贮性的影响

Effects of harvest time on the quality and storability of’Yali’pear

以河北省泊头市的‘鸭梨’为试材,研究了7个采收期(盛花后148、155、162、169、176、183、190 d)果实的品质和贮藏过程中生理指标的变化。结果表明:随着采收期的推迟,‘鸭梨’单果重逐渐增加,果实硬度逐渐降低,可溶性固形物含量逐渐升高,可滴定酸含量逐渐降低,固酸比逐渐上升,果实挥发性物质含量逐渐升高;但采后货架及贮藏期缩短,贮藏期间果实硬度下降明显。果实过早或过晚采收均会造成果实腐烂率和黑心病发病率的增加,耐贮性下降。综上,需要长期贮藏(6个月左右)的‘鸭梨’适宜采收期为盛花后162~169 d;短期贮藏(不超过4个月)可以适当晚采,盛花后176 d左右采收为宜;即时销售的果实,可以推迟到盛花后183 d前后采收。

Using’Yali’from Botou City,Hebei Province as the test material,the fruit quality and physiological indexes during storage during 7 harvesting periods(148,155,162,169,176,183,190 days after blooming)were studied.The results showed that with the postponement of the harvest period,the single fruit weight of’Yali’pear gradually increased,the fruit hardness gradually decreased,the soluble solid content gradually increased,the titratable acid content gradually decreased,the solid-acid ratio gradually increased,and the content of the fruit volatile matter gradually increased;but the shelf and storage period after harvest was shortened,and the fruit hardness decreased significantly during storage.Early or late harvesting of the fruit will increase the rot rate and the incidence of black heart disease,and decrease the storability.In summary,the suitable harvest period for’Yali’that needs long-term storage(about 6 months)is 162~169 days after full bloom;short-term storage(not more than 4 months)can be harvested late,and harvested about 176 days after full bloom appropriate;the immediate sale of fruits can be harvested to harvest around 183 days after blooming.