人抗SARS-CoV-2感染适应性免疫应答的研究进展

Research progress on adaptive immune responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in humans

由SARS-CoV-2感染引起的COVID-19为全球流行病,严重威胁全球公共卫生,感染无特异性免疫力人群影响人们改变社交行为和习惯,产生全球经济负担,目前尚无有效治疗药物。因此,自然感染诱导的适应性免疫应答备受关注。自然感染SARS-CoV-2可诱导绝大多数成人产生体液免疫应答和细胞免疫应答,形成高滴度S蛋白特异性IgM、IgG和IgA类抗体、高水平中和抗体、强CD4+T细胞应答、特异性记忆B细胞和记忆T细胞,可获得抗SARS-CoV-2感染的免疫保护,但免疫保护持续时间仍不确定。对SARS-CoV-2感染诊断、血清学监测、免疫策略、感染防控及疫苗开发等有重要意义。

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),has caused a global pandemic.It presents a global public health threat,infecting an immunologically naive population and causing significant morbidity and mortality,changing social behaviors and habits,and leading to a global economic burden.However,no effective drug therapy against SARS-CoV-2 has been developed.Therefore,adaptive immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 induced by natural infection have been a focus of many researchers.Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection may elicit robust humoral immune responses and cellular immune responses in the great majority of adults,including production of highly spike-specific antibodies of the IgM,IgG,and IgA classes,high levels of neutralizing antibodies,and a strong CD4+T cell response.Immune protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection is likely,although the durability of this protection is not well defined.These findings play an important role in the diagnosis of infection,serosurveys,strategies to increase immunity,protection against infection and the development of vaccines.