P2X7受体在胞内病原体感染中的研究进展

Research progress regarding the P2X7 receptor in intracellular pathogen infection

P2X7受体属于ATP激活的非选择性阳离子通道型受体,其在人体分布广泛,参与调控机体的多种生理过程。当细菌、病毒或寄生虫攻击免疫系统时,ATP从宿主细胞释放,在细胞外作为危险信号,激活P2X7受体,参与免疫应答和炎症反应,如活性氧的产生、促进溶酶体吞噬作用、释放细胞因子和趋化因子,介导NLRP3炎性小体的形成,促进IL-1β成熟和释放等。近年来,基于P2X7受体基因靶向敲除动物模型的成功构建和特异性P2X7受体拮抗剂的研发,该受体有望成为治疗胞内病原体感染的新靶点。本文以P2X7受体特征、分布,在细菌、病毒、寄生虫感染中的研究进展作一综述,并探讨该受体作为感染性疾病治疗靶点的潜力。

The P2X7 receptor is a non-selective cationic channel receptor activated by ATP.It is widely distributed in the human body and participates in the regulation of various physiological processes.When bacteria,viruses,or parasites attack the immune system,ATP is released from host cells during infection and acts as a danger signal in the extracellular space by activating the P2X7 receptor,which is involved in the immune response and inflammation.Its functions include the production of reactive oxygen,phagolysosomal fusion,release of cytokines and chemokines,and participation in mediating the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the maturation and release of IL-1β.Based on the recent successful construction of animal models of targeted knockout of the P2X7 receptor gene and the development of specific P2X7 receptor antagonists,this receptor is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of intracellular pathogen infection.This review will focus on the characteristics and distribution of the P2X7 receptor,as well as the progress made in research on the P2X7 receptor in bacterial,viral,and parasitic infections,hoping to provide a new insight into the potential of this receptor as a therapeutic target for infectious diseases.