“发现”王安石:胡适的视角和方法

Discovering Wang Anshi:Hu Shi′s Perspective and Method

胡适是近现代以来致力于为王安石正名的代表人物之一。他虽不是研究王安石的学术大家,却始终对王安石保持浓厚的文化兴趣,执着于从文化现代性视角出发“发现”王安石及其变法的历史意义和“现代”价值,借助“比较参证”的研究方法,胡适发现了一个更加“现代”、更加生动,也更加独特的王安石。胡适对于王安石的“发现”自然受到近代以来梁启超等人新史学实践的直接影响,也体现了其整理国故、再造文明的学术自觉和功利动机,同时也与其个人复杂的人生体验有着密切的关系。对于胡适而言,王安石不只是一个研究对象,更是其观照历史与现实的独特视点和“方法”,融入了其个人深刻的人生体验。相比于同时代的新文化人,胡适以个性化的方式参与了王安石形象的近代重塑。

Hu Shi was one of the representatives committed to rehabilitating Wang Anshi since modern times.Although he was not an academic master who studied Wang Anshi,he had always maintained a strong cultural interest in Wang Anshi.He persisted in"discovering"the historical significance and"modern"value of Wang Anshi and his reform from the perspective of cultural modernity.With the help of the research method of"comparative evidence",Hu Shi had found a more"modern",more vivid and unique Wang Anshi.Hu Shi′s"discovery"of Wang Anshi was naturally directly affected by the new historical practice of Liang Qichao and others since modern times.It also reflected his academic consciousness and utilitarian motivation to sort out national heritage and rebuild civilization.At the same time,it was closely related to his personal complex life experience.For Hu Shi,Wang Anshi was not only a research object,but also was his unique viewpoint and"method"of observing history and reality,which was integrated into his personal profound life experience.Compared with the contemporary new cultural people,Hu Shi participated in the modern reconstruction of Wang Anshi′s image in a personalized way.