新疆伊犁河谷天然牧草生产力及载畜能力变化分析

Analysis on changes of productivity and carrying capacity of natural forage in Yili valley of Xinjiang

试验选取新疆伊犁河谷天然草地为研究对象,对不同类型草地牧草生产力、载畜量及植被覆盖度进行分析研究,旨在为草原生态系统的可持续利用提供科学依据。通过对试验数据的分析表明,山地草甸的单产量及总产量表现为最高,极显著高于其他类型草地(P<0.01);尼勒克县的牧草单产量极显著高于特克斯县、昭苏县和新源县以外的其他县(市)(P<0.01);昭苏县、新源县和特克斯县的鲜草总产量极显著高于伊宁市、伊宁县、霍城县、察布查尔县、巩留县和尼勒克县(P<0.01);各大类草地鲜草产量随着时间的增加逐渐增加,平原沼泽的产草量随着时间的推移增幅最为显著,7月鲜草产量较6月份提高了24.21%;每公顷平原荒漠草地类型的载畜量可达到2.98个羊单位;伊犁州直4年的植被覆盖度呈现出逐年增加的趋势,4年期间增幅为5.37个百分点,以特克斯县、尼勒克、昭苏增幅最为显著,植被覆盖度较2016年增加了6.7、6.4、6.3个百分点。

In order to provide scientific basis for sustainable utilization of grassland ecosystem,the natural grassland of Yili river valley was selected as the research object to analyze forage productivity,livestock carrying capacity and vegetation coverage of different types of forest grassland.The results showed that the single and total yield of mountain meadow was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other types of grassland(P<0.01);The forage yield of Nileke county was significantly higher than that of other counties except Tekes county,Zhaosu county and Xinyuan county(P<0.01);The total fresh grass yield of Zhaosu county,Xinyuan county and Tekes county was significantly higher than that of Yining city,Yining county,Huocheng county,Chabuchar county,Gongliu county and Nileke county(P<0.01);The fresh grass yield of all kinds of grassland increased gradually with time.The grass yield of plain swamp increased most significantly with time.The fresh grass yield in July increased by 24.21%compared with that in June;The carrying capacity of plain desert grassland could reach 2.98 sheep units/hm^(2);The vegetation coverage of Yili prefecture showed a trend of increasing year by year in the past four years,with an increase of 5.37 percen tage point,especially in Tekes county,Nileke and Zhaosu.The vegetation coverage increased by 6.7,6.4 and 6.3 percentage point compared with 2016.