农村老年人养老风险感知现状与影响因素——基于安徽农村老年人福利状况的调查分析

Status and Determinants of Older Adults′Risk Perception of Old-age Support in Rural China:An Analysis Based on Anhui Survey

降低农村老年人的养老风险是实现农村老年家庭生计可持续发展的关键。采用安徽农村老年人福利状况的调查数据,考察养老风险感知的总体水平和结构特征,分析传统家庭保障、社会网络保障和社区保障环境对养老风险感知的影响效应。结果表明,农村老年人养老风险感知的总体水平较低,分为生存型风险感知和情感型风险感知两个子维度,老年人对于生存型风险的感知水平高于情感型风险;在传统家庭保障因素中,子代提供的经济支持、生活照料和情感支持均能有效降低养老风险感知;在社会网络保障因素中,亲戚支持网络能显著降低养老风险感知;在社区保障环境因素中,国家级贫困村和有村级正式养老机构会显著提高养老风险感知,而社区老年活动场所和医疗卫生机构对于养老风险感知的影响并不显著。

Using the data from the Longitudinal Study of Rural Elderly′s Well-Being in Anhui Province,China,this study examines the level and structure of perception of old-age support risk among older adults in rural China,and examines the effects of traditional family support,social network support,and community environmental factors on risk perception as well as its sub-dimensions.The results indicate that the overall level of the perception of old-age support risk among rural older adults is relatively low and consists of two sub-dimensions:survival risk perception and emotional risk perception,and the level is higher in the former than in the latter.Among the traditional family support factors,the number of children and living in skipped generation households is associated with higher risk perception levels;the intergenerational financial,instrumental,and emotional support are associated with lower levels of risk perception.At the community level,the perception of old-age support risk is significantly increased in national-level poor villages or in the village nursing homes.In addition,community activity centers and health care facilities have no significant effect on the perception of old-age support risk and its sub-dimensions.Furthermore,there are differences between the factors influencing the perception of survival risk and emotional risk:the family network is linked to lower levels of survival risk,and the friend network is associated with emotional risk.