不同月龄阉割对延边黄牛高档部位肌肉脂肪酸含量的影响

Effects of Castration at Different Months on Fatty Acid Content in Muscle of High-grade Parts of Yanbian Yellow Cattle

试验旨在研究不同月龄阉割对延边黄牛眼肌、西冷和上脑3个高档部位肌肉中脂肪酸含量的影响。试验选用50头健康且体重相近(150 kg±7.5 kg)的6月龄延边黄牛,随机分成5组,每组10头,试验组分别在6、8、10和12月龄阉割(记为YG6、YG8、YG10和YG12组),对照组不阉割(记为WYG),试验期为24个月,统一饲养,自由采食。30月龄屠宰,取眼肌、西冷、上脑3个部位肌肉样,测定其脂肪酸含量。结果显示:①与WYG组相比,眼肌脂肪酸中YG8和YG12组豆蔻油酸含量均极显著增加(P<0.01),YG6和YG10组均显著增加(P<0.05);YG6组油酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);YG6和YG10组棕榈酸含量均显著降低(P<0.05);试验组总饱和脂肪酸含量均下降(P>0.05),YG6、YG10组总不饱和脂肪酸含量和总单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05);YG10组总多不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著增加(P<0.01),YG6、YG8和YG12组均显著增加(P<0.05)。②与WYG组相比,西冷脂肪酸中试验组豆蔻油酸、棕榈油酸和硬脂酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05),棕榈酸含量显著降低(P<0.05);YG6组油酸含量显著增加(P<0.05),总饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05);YG6和YG10组总不饱和脂肪酸含量和总单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05)。③与WYG组相比,上脑脂肪酸中YG8组豆蔻酸含量显著增加(P<0.05);YG6和YG10组棕榈酸含量均极显著降低(P<0.01),总不饱和脂肪酸含量和总单不饱和脂肪酸含量均显著增加(P<0.05);YG6组总饱和脂肪酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上,阉割可增加延边黄牛高档部位不饱和脂肪酸含量,降低饱和脂肪酸含量,其中6月龄阉割组不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸最高。

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of castration at different months on the content of muscle fatty acids in three high-grade parts eye muscle,sirloin steak and upper brain of Yanbian Yellow cattle.50 healthy 6-month-old Yanbian Yellow cattle with similar body weight(150 kg±7.5 kg)were randomly divided into 5 groups,with 10 cattle in each group.The experimental group was castrated at 6,8,10 and 12-month-old(recorded as YG6,YG8,YG10 and YG12 groups),and the control group was not castrated(recorded as WYG).The experimental period was 24 months.The cattle were fed uniformly and freely.At the age of 30 months,the muscle samples of eye muscle,sirloin steak and upper brain were taken to determine the content of fatty acids.The results showed that:①Compared with WYG group,in eye muscle,the contents of C14∶1cis-9 in YG8 and YG12 groups were extremely significantly increased(P<0.01),while in YG6 and YG10 groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The content of C18∶1cis-9 in YG6 group was significantly increased(P<0.05).The contents of C16∶0 in YG6 and YG10 groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The content of total saturated fatty acids was decreased in test groups(P>0.05),and the contents of total unsaturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased in YG6 and YG10 groups(P<0.05).The content of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was extremely significantly increased in YG10 group(P<0.01),and were significantly increased in YG6,YG8 and YG12 groups(P<0.05).②Compared with WYG group,in sirloin steak,the contents of C14∶1cis-9,C16∶1cis-9 and stearic acid were significantly increased and the content of C16∶0 was significantly decreased in test groups(P<0.05).The content of C18∶1cis-9 was significantly increased(P<0.05)and the content of total saturated fatty acids was significantly decreased in YG6 group(P<0.05).The contents of total unsaturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased in YG6 and YG10 groups(P<0.05).③Compared with WYG group,in upper brain,the content of C14∶0 in YG8 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The content of C16∶0 was extremely significantly increased(P<0.01)and the contents of total unsaturated fatty acids and total monounsaturated fatty acids were significantly increased in YG6 and YG10 groups(P<0.05).The content of total saturated fatty acids was significantly decreased in YG6 group(P<0.05).In conclusion,castration could increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids and reduce saturated fatty acids in high-grade parts of Yanbian Yellow cattle.The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in 6-month-old castration group was the highest.