美国退役军人保险制度历史考察

Historical Investigation of American Veterans’Insurance System

美国在第一次世界大战期间开始筹建退役军人保险制度,并在“一战”后正式推出了“政府人寿保险计划”,此为美国退役军人保险制度建设的发端。在过去的一百多年中,美国退役军人保险制度历经肇建与成长、改革与转型、调整与完善三个阶段的变迁和演化,已形成了“政府责任+商业保险”的双层制度体系。这种制度体系明显带有“战争驱动”的历史特色,是美国退役军人保障模式演化中的重要创新,对新时代加强我国退役军人保险制度建设也有所启示。

During the World War I,the United States began to build the Veterans Insurance System,and after the World War I,the United States officially launched the“Government Life Insurance”program,which was the beginning of the construction of the Veterans Insurance System.In the past 100 years,the American veterans insurance system has gone through three stages of development and evolution,reform and transformation,adjustment and improvement,and has formed a two-tier system of“government responsibility+commercial insurance”.This institutional system is clearly characterized by“war-driven”history.It is an important innovation in the evolution of the security model for American veterans,and it also has some enlightenment to strengthen the construction of the insurance system for Chinese veterans in the new era.