湖南德夯野生精油植物资源调查及化学成分分析

Investigation and Chemical Composition Analysis of Wild Essential Oil Plant Resources in Dehang of Hunan Province,China

为进一步了解湖南省德夯风景名胜区精油植物资源现状,采用野外调查、标本整理及查阅文献等方法,对其精油植物资源进行统计分析。结果表明:该区精油植物共88科230属319种,生活习性以草本为主。该区精油植物区系地理成分在科层面上以泛热带分布和世界分布为主,属层面上以北温带分布为主,种层面上以东亚分布为主。储油部位以叶和全株为主,含油量在10%以上的有10种,分别为樟、山鸡椒、枫香树、香椿、蛇床、小蜡、木犀、忍冬、菖蒲和鸢尾。精油化学成分较为复杂,含萜类化合物的植物种数最多,用途类型以日用化工为主。这些精油植物资源特点反映了德夯风景名胜区精油植物的多样性和复杂性,但利用程度较低,应注重这类植物资源的有效保护和合理开发。

In order to find out the present situation of wild essential oil plant resources in Dehang scenic spot of Hunan province,the essential oil plant resources were statistically analyzed by field investigation,specimen arrangement and literature review.The results indicated that there were 319 species of essential oil belonging to 230 genera and 88 families in Dehang scenic spot.The life habits of wild essential oil plant in this area were mainly herbaceous.The geographical distribution of wild essential oil plant was mainly pantropical and cosmopolitan elements at family level,north temperate elements at the genus level,and east Asia at the species level.The essential oil storage parts were mainly leaves and whole plant.There were 10 kinds of essential oil plants with the essential oil contents of over 10%,and they were Cinnamomum camphora,Litsea cubeba,Liquidambar formosana,Toona sinensis,Cnidium monnieri,Ligustrum sinense,Osmanthus fragrans,Lonicera japonica,Acorus calamus and Iris tectorum.The chemical composition of essential oil plants was relatively complex,and the number of plants containing terpenoids was the most.Despite the complexity and variety of uses caused by the chemical composition of essential oil plants,the type of use of daily chemical industry as the material was the most.These characteristics reflect the diversity and complexity of essential oil plants in Dehang scenic spot,but the utilization degree is low.So it is necessary to pay more attention to the effective protection and rational development of these plant resources.