耐药基因在食品链中的传播及风险管控

The Spread and Risk Control of Drug Resistance Genes in the Food Chain

抗生素的滥用导致多重耐药性频繁出现,给医疗环境带来新的挑战。不同生物个体或细胞内部DNA之间的遗传物质交流促进了遗传物质的交换和重组,耐药基因也因此发生进化从而适应新的耐药环境。人与动物以及一些生物物质的直接接触,可能引起耐药菌在宿主之间的快速传播。感染初期是风险高发期,并可通过密切接触进入各个家庭、社区。食物链中也可能通过接触或食用受污染的食品间接接触到耐抗生素细菌和耐药基因。耐药基因可以在食物链中的各个阶段传播,在人和动物体内仍保持一部分活性,并随代谢产物排入新的环境中传播。认识食物链中耐药基因的传播,以此进行风险管控,对排查感染等相关安全问题起到至关重要的作用。设立不同层次和领域的监测体系,对包括在抗菌药物的生产、流通、使用的各个阶段进行监测,将各领域所获得的信息互相配合,共同应对耐药基因的传播。

The abuse of antibiotics leads to the frequent emergence of multiple drug resistance,which brings new challenges to the medical environment.The exchange of genetic material between DNA in different organisms or cells promotes the exchange and recombination of genetic material,so that drug-resistant genes evolve to adapt to the new drugresistant environment.Direct contact between humans and animals as well as some biological substances may cause rapid transmission of resistant bacteria between hosts.The early stage of infection is a period of high risk and can enter families and communities through close contact.There can also be indirect exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistant genes in the food chain through contact or consumption of contaminated food.Resistant genes can spread throughout the food chain,remaining partially active in humans and animals and spreading as metabolites are released into new environments.Understanding the spread of drug resistance genes in the food chain,so as to carry out risk management,infection and other related safety problems play a crucial role.Monitoring systems at different levels and fields should be set up to monitor the production,circulation and use of antibiotics at all stages,and the information obtained in various fields should be combined to jointly deal with the spread of drug-resistant genes.