晚清泛珠三角模式的贸易特色:华商、中式帆船与粤海常关的积极作用(1860-1911)

Trade Feature of the Great Canton Delta Mode in the 1860s-1911:The Activity of Chinese Merchants,Junks and Canton Native Customs

晚清泛珠三角模式呈现华商、中式帆船与常关仍具备与洋商、轮船、洋关对抗的竞争力。其中,华商的作用最为重要。华商综合考量较为有利的中式帆船运费与粤海常关税费,随时调整商品在泛珠江三角洲的进出港口与流通途径,显示区域市场圈的复杂多样性。晚清泛珠三角模式的讨论,不仅指出目前研究晚清中外贸易多偏重洋关与轮船的不足,而且能使人们更好地理解广州从体制时期到条约时期的转变,以及广州相对于其他条约口岸的不同面向。

The Great Canton Delta Mode presented that Chinese merchants,junks(traditional Chinese vessels)and Native Customs could yet be competent against foreign merchants,steamers,and Foreign Customs in 1860s—1911,while Chinese merchants were performing a most significant part in connection to the former mentioned mode.Putting more favorable freight of junks and duties of the Canton Native Customs into consideration,Chinese merchants managed to change,from time to time,the entering and leaving ports and the routes of commodity circulation in the Great Canton Delta,which revealed the complexity and diversity of the regional market circle.Discussions of the Great Canton Delta Mode not only pointed out the insufficiency of current studies which focused excessively on the influence of Foreign Customs and steamers over the Sino-foreign trade in the treaty period,but also clarified the transformation of Guangzhou from the Canton System to the Treaty System as well as objective differences between Guangzhou and other treaty ports.