新中国对进出口领域外资在华企业的利用与清理(1949-1956)

PRC Government’s Utilization and Clearance of Foreign Enterprises in China in the Field of Import and Export(1949-1956)

1949年以后,在肃清帝国主义在华势力的过程中,迅速制定了一系列统制对外贸易、实施贸易保护政策的措施。随着天津、上海、广州等重要口岸城市的相继解放,中共对进出口领域外资企业逐步进行了三阶段的改造与清理,即朝鲜战争爆发前的限制与利用,美国对华实施全面禁运前后管制的强化,以及社会主义改造开始后通过对价转让等方式进行的扫尾清理。这一复杂过程体现了新中国政府依据情势变化,从政治、经济、外交乃至法律等角度出发的权衡与应对。在系统梳理了相关过程后,本文认为,1949年以后对外贸易领域外资企业走向衰微势在必然,朝鲜战争的爆发是加速这一进程的重要外部催化力量。

After the founding of PRC,in the process of eliminating the imperialist forces in China,a series of measures to control foreign trade and implement trade protection policies were rapidly formulated.With the successive liberation of Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and other important port cities,the Chinese Communist Party has gradually carried out three stages of transformation and clean-up of foreign-funded enterprises in the import and export field,namely,the restriction and utilization before the outbreak of the Korean War,the strengthening of the control before and after the US comprehensive embargo on China,and the clean-up through consideration transfer after the socialist transformation.This complex process reflects the new Chinese government’s trade-off and response from the perspective of politics,economy,diplomacy and even legal perspectives according to the changing situation.After a systematic review of the relevant process,this paper argues that the rapid decline of foreign-funded enterprises in the field of foreign trade after liberation is inevitable,and the outbreak of the Korean War was an important external catalyst for accelerating this process.