硅及硅基负极材料的研究进展

Advances in Silicon and Silicon-based Anode Materials

硅(Si)具有极高的理论容量、较低的电压平台和丰富的自然资源,有成为下一代高能量密度锂离子电池负极材料的潜力.但Si不同于石墨,其固有电导率低,循环过程中体积变化巨大,不宜直接作为负极材料.因此出现了许多从维度结构、复合材料、黏结剂和电解质等方面改善或适配Si基负极材料的改性方案,以使其满足商业化的要求.本文综合评述了近年Si基负极材料的研究进展,总结了不同方面的设计要素,介绍了代表性材料的性能表现,最后,对目前Si基材料面临的问题进行了简要分析,并展望了其作为锂离子电池负极的研究前景.

Silicon(Si)has high theoretical capacity,low voltage platform and abundant natural resources,which has the potential to become the next generation high energy density lithium ion batteries anode material.However,Si has low inherent conductivity and great volume change in the cycle process,which is different from graphite and should not be directly used as an anode material.Therefore,many modification strategies have been developed to improve or adapt to Si based anode materials from dimension structure,composites,binders and electrolytes,so as to meet the requirements of commercialization.In this paper,the research pro-gress of Si based anode materials in recent years was reviewed,the design elements of different aspects were summarized,and the performance of representative materials was introduced.Finally,the problems faced by Si based anode materials were briefly analyzed,and the research prospect of Si based anode materials as lithium ion batteries was forecasted.