摘要
In vertebrates,bone is considered an osteoimmune system which encompasses functions of a locomotive organ,a mineral reservoir,a hormonal organ,a stem cell pool and a cradle for immune cells.This osteoimmune system is based on cooperatively acting bone and immune cells,cohabitating within the bone marrow.They are highly interdependent,a fact that is confounded by shared progenitors,mediators,and signaling pathways.Successful fracture healing requires the participation of all the precursors,immune and bone cells found in the osteoimmune system.Recent evidence demonstrated that changes of the immune cell composition and function may negatively influence bone healing.In this review,first the interplay between different immune cell types and osteoprogenitor cells will be elaborated more closely.The separate paragraphs focus on the specific cell types,starting with the cells of the innate immune response followed by cells of the adaptive immune response,and the complement system as mediator between them.Finally,a brief overview on the challenges of preclinical testing of immunebased therapeutic strategies to support fracture healing will be given.
基金
Supported by German Research Foundation(DFG)focusing on“Interplay between mononuclear and osteogenic cells during fracture healing in type 2 diabetics”,No.EH 471/2(to Ehnert S)
German Research Foundation within the context of the Collaborative Research Center(CRC)1149“Danger Response,Disturbance Factors and Regenerative Potential after Acute Trauma”,No.251293561,C01(to Ignatius A and Fischer V)
DFG in context of the CRC 1149,No.251293561,A01 and No.251293561 Z02(to Huber-Lang M)
and DFG in the context of the CRC 1149,No.251293561,C07(to Kalbitz M).
