人工智能辅助司法裁判的实践困境及其应对策略

The Practical Dilemma of AI-assisted Judicial Adjudication and Its Countermeasures

人工智能技术的蓬勃发展、“诉讼爆炸”与人权保障之间紧张的矛盾关系以及法官员额制改革尚未根本解决的“案多人少”矛盾为人工智能引入司法裁判提供了技术动因、现实动因及体制动因,但也引发司法裁判者“能否接受”“如何选择”的双重隐忧以及司法裁判者自由裁量权受到侵蚀和现有司法责任认定规则受到冲击等一系列问题。对此,要在坚持司法裁判者的主体性资格、法律人工智能工具性价值的基础上,解决智能辅助裁判系统的可接受性和正确性难题,消解司法裁判者的双重隐忧;恪守法律人工智能的界限范围,科学划定法律人工智能的辅助权限;否认法律人工智能主体性资格,坚持司法裁判者司法责任的主体地位。只有这样,才能在弱人工智能时代下,真正实现“可视正义”“算法正义”“数据正义”与“温度正义”。

The booming AI technology,the tense contradiction between"litigation explosion"and human rights protection,and the contradiction of"more cases and fewer people"that has not been fundamentally solved in the reform of judge post system,these provide technical motivation,practical motivation and institutional motivation for the introduction of artificial intelligence into judicial adjudication,but also trigger the double hidden worries of"whether judges can accept"and"how to choose",as well as a series of problems,such as the erosion of judicial discretion and the impact on the existing rules of judicial identification responsibility.Therefore,on the basis of adhering to the subjective qualification of judicial referees and the instrumental value of legal artificial intelligence,we should solve the problems of acceptability and correctness of intelligent auxiliary judgment system and eliminate the double hidden worries of judicial referees;Strictly abide by the boundary scope of legal artificial intelligence and scientifically define the auxiliary authority of legal artificial intelligence;Deny the subjective qualification of legal artificial intelligence and adhere to the subject status of judicial responsibility of judicial judges.Only in this way can we realize"visual justice","algorithm justice","data justice"and"temperature justice"in the era of weak artificial intelligence.