马来西亚华语中的程度补语

The Complement of Degree in Malaysian Mandarin

本文基于口语和书面语语料库,对马来西亚华语中的程度补语进行分类考察,并与普通话进行对比。发现马来西亚华语中的程度补语主要有粘合式“VC(了)”,组合式“V得C”和“V到C”,以及高程度补语省略式“V到Ø”四种,且程度补语的结构类型和充当程度补语的词语在口语和书面语中呈现出较大的语体差异。究其原因,口语中程度补语主要受马来西亚华人“源方言”(闽南语、粤语、客家话)的影响,书面语中程度补语则受现代汉语书面语和普通话影响较多。

Based on the corpus of Malaysian Mandarin,this paper makes a classified investigation on the complement of degree in Malaysian Mandarin,and compares it to Chinese Mandarin.It finds that there are four types of the complement of degree in Malaysian Mandarin,i.e,the agglutinating-style VC(le了),the assorted-style V-de(得)-C and V-dao(到)-C,and the elliptic construction of high degree complement V dao-Ø.The complement of degree shows obvious differences between written and spoken Malaysian Mandarin in the types of structure and the words which act as the complement.The reason is that the complement of degree in spoken Malaysian Mandarin is mainly affected by the mother tongue dialects(like Minnan dialect,Cantonese,Hakka)of Malaysian Chinese,while that of written Malaysian Mandarin is more subject to the influence of the modern Chinese written language and Chinese Mandarin.