论苏轼“和而不同”教育思想的价值——以苏门“同”与“不同”为视角

On the Value of Su Shi’s Educational Thought of "Harmony in Diversity":From the Perspective of Su Shi’s Followers’ "Sameness" and "Difference"

苏门"和而不同"是师生双向互动的产物,苏轼主观上自觉的传承意识与客观上不容置疑的权威性为群体的"和睦"提供了保障,宽容、平等的胸襟气度与尊重个性、因材施教的方式方法为个体独立成长"不苟同"创造了条件,而为生者对于苏轼的尊崇始终如一,共同铸就了这一教育史上的历史佳话。"同"与"不同"核心在于"存异"与"求同"的矛盾。要评估其价值,只有从时间的纵向勾勒和空间的横向比较中才能对其价值作出准确定位:从纵向角度看,教育家孔子不能使人"同";从横向比较看,王安石在教育、文化、思想领域追求的"同一"造成的文化荒漠,更加彰显了苏轼"和而不同"教育思想的价值。

Su Shi’s Followers’"harmony in diversity"is the product of two-way interaction between teachers and students.Su Shi’s subjective consciousness of inheritance and objective unquestionable authority provide a guarantee for the"harmony"of the group.His tolerant,equal mind and the ways and methods of respecting personality and teaching students according to their aptitude create conditions for the"diversity"of individual independent growth,and the respect for Su Shi by the students is consistent.Together,it has created a historical story in the history of education.The core of"sameness"and"difference"lies in the contradiction between"reserving differences"and"seeking common ground".To evaluate its value,we can accurately locate its value only from the vertical outline of time and the horizontal comparison of space:from the vertical point of view,educator Confucius can’t make people"same";From the perspective of horizontal comparison,the cultural desert caused by Wang Anshi’s pursuit of"sameness"in the fields of education,culture and thought further highlights the value of Su Shi’s educational thought of"harmony in diversity".