从身份到契约:自我决定权视野下的认罪认罚从宽制度

From Status to Contract: The System of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishments with Leniency from the Perspective of Self-determination

认罪认罚从宽制度的实施,被追诉人在刑事诉讼中地位发生了"从身份到契约"的变化,其本质是被追诉人自我决定权的持续扩张。认罪认罚从宽制度促使被追诉人的自我决定权进一步扩大。这种自我决定权的扩大导致刑事诉讼横向结构发生了变化。从被追诉人的角度看,控辩之间的关系从防御走向合作。法院从主动走向被动。辩护人和值班律师在合作型控辩关系中为被追诉人提供法律帮助,因此不应倡导值班律师辩护人化。刑事诉讼横向结构的这种变化给被追诉人的自我决定权带来了结构性风险。未来,应从保障被追诉人的权利处分能力和自愿性,加强检察内部监督和重视司法审查等方面切实化解风险。

With the implementation of the System of Pleading Guilty and Accepting Punishments with Leniency(hereinafter SPGAPL),the status of the accused has undergone a"from status to contract"change in criminal proceedings.The selfdetermination power of defendant has been further expanded because of SPGAPL.This expansion of self-determination power has led to changes in the horizontal structure of criminal procedure.From the perspective of the accused,the relationship between the prosecution and the defense moves from defense to cooperation.The court went from active to passive.The defence counsel and the duty lawyer provide legal assistance to the accused in the cooperative relationship between the prosecution and defense,so the proposal that the duty lawyer have necessity to transfer to defence counsel should not be advocated.This change in the horizontal structure of criminal procedure has brought structural risks to the self-determination rights of the accused.In the future,so as to deal with risks should be strengthened ability of disposition and voluntariness of the accused,strengthening internal supervision in procuratorates,and emphasizing judicial review.