汉语言说者如何切入当代西方知识论——一种基于人工智能与儒家“正名论”的混合视角

How Could Contemporary Western Epistemology be Integrated into a Chinese-based Framework——A Hybrid Perspective both of AI and the Confucian Theory of the Rectification of Names

肇始于"盖蒂尔问题"的当代西方的知识论研究与近代西方的认识论研究不同:前者更聚焦于知识证成之规范性维度,后者更聚焦于知识构成的事实性维度。除了专业的分析哲学专家之外,汉语哲学界对于现代西方知识论(而不是近代西方认识论)的接受度并不高。这在相当程度上可能是因为,基于英语思维的西方研究者对于"知识""信念""证成"等核心概念的理解方式与基于汉语思维的中国读者的理解方式有所不同。不过,我们也不能由此忽略现代西方知识论研究的两面性:一方面,现代西方知识论的很多典型话题的设置与展开方式的确是受到了"二战"后英语文化的特殊性的影响;另一方面,西方知识论学者对于信念证成的规范性状态的探究,对于各种非西方文明的合理性对话框架的构建依然具有一定的辐射意义。在这样的情况下,我们中国的知识论研究者就需要两个中介性步骤,以便将西方知识论的话题设置方式与研究方式中过分偏向于西方文化的特点予以过滤:第一,通过人工智能对于信念证成过程的机器复验,来反过来检测西方知识论理论的某些"伪普遍性"(特别是通过对于"框架问题"的揭露来体现西方命题逻辑在处理语义相关性方面所暴露出来的无能);第二,通过对于以"正名论"为代表的汉语证成方式(以及在其背后起作用的基于词项之基本性的信息加工过程)的现代化重构,为一种能够兼容中西思维并能够为机器复演的可能性敞开自身的新知识论打下基础。这样,我们才能有希望将目前英语世界中流行的知识论研究,真正改造为具有"世界哲学"气息的知识论研究。

Post-Gettier contemporary epistemology is different from traditional epistemology in the sense that the former is concerned more with the normative dimension of knowledge,while the latter is concerned more with how knowledge is actually formed.Due to the cultural differences concerning how to understand key epistemological terms like"knowledge","belief","justification"etc.,the Chinese-speaking philosophical world,analytic thinkers precluded,has long been unable to appreciate the fruits of the post-Gettier epistemology.Two intermediate moves are proposed to take for filling the gap between post-Gettier epistemology and the Chinese-speaking intellectual community:Firstly,the fusion of AI and epistemology is encouraged,hence,such a move would provide a chance to double-check the putative universal applicability of specific conclusions of the post-Gettier epistemology from an engineering perspective;Secondly,an algorithm-oriented reconstruction of the Confucian theory of the rectification of names is also encouraged to bring new life to some traditional Chinese-based thoughts on the process of epistemic justification.