农村非正式制度的再生产如何影响了农民合作组织

How Does the Reproduction of Informal Institutions in Rural China Affect Farmers,Cooperative Organizations

非正式制度是农村制度体系的重要组成部分,是影响农民行为选择的重要因素。基于社会关联、非正式制度、合作行为三者的关联机制,构建了非正式制度再生产的理论框架,强调中国农村非正式制度因功能差别可分为"防御性"与"开拓性"两种类型,它们的再生产对农民合作组织的数量与规模特征有不同作用。根据逻辑推演,以福建省三明市大田县现存"土堡"建筑作为非正式制度"防御性"功能的衡量指标,探究其对农村经济合作组织的影响。实证结果显示:土堡对所属村庄的经济组织数量有显著的正向影响,但对农业合作社平均规模的影响为负,这种负向影响并未出现在制造业,理论假说得到了实证资料的支持。研究的政策含义在于:现阶段中国农村现代化应推进农业的规模经营,但这一过程应尊重非正式制度作用的产业差异,并坚持以农民为主体、适度规模经营两个基准。

As an important component of rural institutional system,informal institution is a vital factor that influences the behaviors and choices of farmers.This paper sets forth the correlation mechanism of social ties,informal institutions and cooperative behaviors and builds a theoretical framework for the reproduction of informal institutions.Moreover,this paper stresses that the functions of informal institutions in Chinese rural areas can be divided into"defensive type"and"explorative type",and their reproduction plays different roles in the number and scale characteristics of farmers’cooperative organizations.Following the logical deduction,this paper takes earthen fortresses in Datian County,Sanming City,as an indicator to measure the"defensive"function of informal institutions,and probes into its influence on rural organizations for economic cooperation.The empirical results show that earthen fortresses have a significant positive impact on the number of economic organizations in its villages,while it has a negative impact on the average scale of agricultural cooperatives,which does not appear in the manufacturing industry.These empirical results support the theoretical hypothesis.This paper suggests that at this stage,China's rural modernization should advance agricultural scale management,meanwhile,this process should notice the industrial differences in the role played by informal institutions and stick to two standards—farmer-centric orientation and moderate scale management.