《小舍得》:“鸡娃”时代的主体性发展困境

A Little Dilemma:The Parenting Dilemma of Subjectivity in Latensive Parenting Era

当前"鸡娃"(密集养育)模式下儿童的发展状况并不尽如人意,甚至正如电视剧《小舍得》所展现的,出现了父母越用力儿童发展反而越失败的养育困境。从人的全面发展视角看,剖析养育困境不能回避人的主体性尤其是儿童的主体性发展这一抽象问题。家庭养育中主体性问题的特别之处在于主体之间具有因家庭而生的亲缘关系。亲缘关系导致的情感依恋有助于儿童主体性的发展,然而基于家庭的亲密连结和特别的文化背景,使得当下城市家庭养育中一方面形成了家长对儿童的密集养育,极易引发家长主体性的迷失;同时由于父母与子女之间事实上的不对等地位和不平等关系,又引发了儿童主体性的匮乏与消解。《小舍得》案例表明,密集养育非但没有促进主体性的建构,反而成为个体主体性发展的包袱,急需要家庭养育模式的转向来实现个体主体性尤其是儿童主体性的发展。

The development of children is not satisfactory through intensive parenting in this era. As the TV series A Little Dilemma shows, there is a parenting dilemma that more parents’ work on the children and less success. From the perspective of people’ s all-round development, analyzing this dilemma need the concept of human subjectivity, especially the development of children’s subjectivity. This special feature of subjectivity in parenting is that there is a kinship between subjects born out of family. The attachment caused by kinship is helpful to the development of children’ s subjectivity, however, based on the close connection of family members and special cultural background, they also make the intensive parenting easily led to the loss of parents’ subjectivity, as well as the lack and dissipation of children’s subjectivity due to the unequal status and relationship between parents and children. The case of A Little Dilemma shows that intensive parenting has not promoted the construction of subjectivity, but has become the burden of the development of individual subjectivity. It is urgent to construct the individual subjectivity, especially children’s subjectivity in parenting.