城市体检视角下城市治理现代化的新机制与路径

New Mechanisms and Approaches for Modernizing Urban Governance from the Perspective of City Health Examination

首先探索了城市体检治理的新模式,明确了涵盖"市-区-镇街-社区"不同尺度行政主体纵向传导、横向联动的规范化城市体检组织模式。其次,基于"指标设计-征求意见-指标筛选-指标确认"4个步骤完善城市体检指标体系,提出了数据收集的标准化、模块化工作思路。再次,城市体检的指标评价应坚持多维度、差异性、定量定性相结合等原则,以六维分析法为基础对城市问题进行识别与诊断。另外,城市体检的公众参与过程需要充分体现市民的知情权、参与权和监督权。城市政府需要搭建市民深度参与的常态化、共治型治理平台,各部门需要以问题为导向,开展协同式、全周期系统治理,最终推动建立全社会共建共治共享的常态化工作机制。

As a new form of urban governance, city health examination is a product of the spatial and temporal evolution of social conflicts in an open and complex system. It uses the technical method of ‘problem diagnosis’ to evaluate and dynamically monitor the current state of urban development, and has become a grip for China’s urban planning and construction management and a platform for mobilizing public participation in urban construction. At present, the research and practice related to city health examination is still weak, and there are still problems such as inadequate understanding of the connotation, insufficient social participation, unstable indicator system, inaccurate problem diagnosis, lack of in-depth problem management and imperfect long-term mechanism. In response to these problems, this article examines new mechanisms and ways to achieve urban governance, starting from governance relationships, governance systems and governance techniques, and taking Guangzhou as a case study. It first explores a new model of city health examination governance, and specifies a standardized organizational model of city health examination that covers the vertical transmission and horizontal linkage of administrative bodies at 4 levels: ‘city→district→town/street→community’. Based on this organizational model, this article constructs a governance framework in which administrative forces lead, social forces participate, and urban self-governance forces are stimulated. Secondly, this article proposes a four-step process of ‘indicator design→consultation→selection of indicators→confirmation of indicators’ to improve the city health examination indicator system, and proposes a standardized and modularized approach to data collection. In particular, the evaluation of indicators in the city health examination should adhere to the principles of multidimensionality, variability and the combination of quantitative and qualitative aspects, and use the six-dimensional analysis method as the basis for identifying and diagnosing urban problems. On the premise of scientifically and reasonably classifying the types of urban problems, the city health examination can help to prescribe the right remedy for urban problems and apply precise measures. In addition,the public participation process of the city health examination needs to fully reflect the citizens’ right to information, participation and supervision. This is demonstrated by the need for the city government to build a regular, shared governance platform with in-depth citizen participation;the need for problem-oriented, collaborative, full-cycle systemic governance by various departments;and the promotion of a regular working mechanism for the whole society to build and share common governance. Overall, the city check-up thus reflects a high degree of consensus on governance goals, efficient and interactive governance, and optimal system construction and use capabilities, and is an important sign of modernized governance capacity.