城市共享汽车分布的时空演变及影响因素研究——以北京市主城区为例

Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Impacting Factors of Carsharing in Beijing

城市交通可持续发展的本质在于空间资源合理配置,共享汽车作为一种新型交通方式,探究其时空分布规律及影响因素,能支撑交通资源空间配置并优化城市功能布局。以供需理论为基础,运用核密度分析、空间自相关、标准差椭圆等方法反映时空特征,通过地理探测器从供给和需求2个维度,分别选取停车场、人口密度以及居住空间、就业空间、公共服务与活动空间等5方面,共14个代理变量探究时空格局形成的影响因素。结果表明:(1)共享汽车分布具有显著的时空异质性,根据时空特征可分为"早晚"型、"日间"型、和"均匀"型3类集聚中心;(2)出行需求是影响共享汽车空间分布的主要因素,其中购物场所、科教文化场所、医疗保健场所等公共服务和活动空间是共享汽车的主要目的地;(3)政府应进一步做到精准投放,将资源重点布局于"日间"型集聚中心、居住空间和公共服务与活动空间等,以此促进共享汽车可持续发展和城市空间布局优化。

Taking carsharing in Beijing city as an example, we describe temporal characteristics through the coefficient of variation, characterize the spatial pattern using Moran’s I index and Getis G index, and reflect the temporal and spatial evolution through standard deviation ellipse and nuclear density analysis. On this basis,from the two dimensions of supply and demand, we selected five factors: Parking lot number, market evaluation, residence, employment activities, leisure and recreational activities, a total of 14 proxy variables, and detected the formation mechanism of space-time pattern of carsharing. The results show that: First, the distribution of carsharing has significant spatial-temporal heterogeneity, and the agglomeration centers can be divided into three types: Morning and evening gathering, daytime gathering, and even gathering. Second, the main factor of carsharing distribution is travel demand, among which leisure and entertainment places are the most important. Therefore, the government should improve the strategic position of carsharing, encourage the expansion of its scale, and distribute resources in daytime aggregation centers, leisure and entertainment places and residential areas, so as to promote the healthy development of shared transportation and provide new impetus for urban development.