基于GeoSOS-FLUS平台的东北森林屏障带生态格局优化

Ecological pattern optimization of forest barrier belt in Northeast China based on Geo SOS-FLUS

东北森林带作为我国两屏三带生态安全战略格局的重要载体之一,其生态格局的优化对提升区域生态系统功能、质量及稳定性具有重要意义。本研究通过分析该区土地利用和生态系统服务时空格局,明确其主要驱动因子,以提升其主导生态功能为目标,并耦合生态服务演变驱动机制,利用元胞自动机模型对其土地利用格局进行了优化模拟。结果显示:不同类型驱动因子对各生态系统服务的作用存在明显差异:生境质量与土地利用的相关性最高(R=-0.420,P<0.05),水源供给则受到年降水量的显著影响(R=0.602,P<0.05),土壤保持受到高程的显著影响(R=0.358,P<0.05),水源涵养与降水密切相关(R=0.760,P<0.05),而粮食供给则受到高程(R=-0.418,P<0.05)、坡度(R=-0.225,P<0.05)和温度(R=0.306,P<0.05)的共同影响。本研究还发现,针阔混交林对水源涵养能力和生境质量服务重要性最高;相对于旱地,水田对粮食生产的重要性更高。结合上述结果进行的土地利用优化模拟结果显示,虽然生态用地(包括林地、草地、湿地)、生产用地(水田、旱地)和生活用地(建设用地)的比例与优化前没有明显差异,但长白山和小兴安岭地区的林地,应从现有以落叶阔叶林为主转变为以针阔混交林为主,以提高这两个地区的水源涵养和生境质量;大兴安岭地区应将部分落叶阔叶林转化为湿地以提高该区的水源涵养功能。在控制耕地总量不发生明显变化的条件下,提高小兴安岭和长白山地区与三江平原交汇区耕地中水田的比例,可以提高粮食供给服务。由此可见,本研究在不进一步激化生态用地和其他用地类型空间矛盾的基础上,优化了研究区生态格局,为促进东北森林带主导生态功能提升及屏障作用的充分发挥提供了科学依据。

Northeast forest belt is an important carrier of ecological security pattern of China. It is of great significance to optimize its ecological pattern for improving the ecosystem function and stability. In this study,we analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of land use and ecosystem services,and identified the major driving factors. With the aim to improve the dominant ecological functions of the Northeast China forest belt,we coupled the driving mechanism of ecological services,and used a cellular automata model to optimize its land use pattern. The results showed that the effects of different driving factors on ecosystem services were significantly different. Habitat quality had the strongest correlation with land use( R =-0.420,P<0.05). Water supply was significantly affected by annual precipitation( R = 0.602,P<0.05). Soil conservation was significantly affected by elevation( R = 0.358,P<0.05). Water conservation was closely related to precipitation( R = 0. 760,P < 0. 05),while food supply was affected by elevation( R =-0. 418,P<0.05),slope( R =-0.225,P<0.05) and temperature( R = 0.306,P<0.05). The coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests were the most important for water conservation and habitat quality.Paddy field was more important for food production than dry farmland. The results of land use optimization simulation showed that the proportion of ecological land( including forest,grassland,and wetland),productive land( paddy field and dry farmland) and living land( construction land) was not significantly different from that before optimization. However,forests in Changbai Mountain and Lesser Khingan should be changed from deciduous broadleaved forest to coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest to improve water conservation and habitat quality. The Greater Khingan region should transform part of the deciduous broadleaved forest into wetlands to improve water conservation in the area. Under the condition of controlling the total amount of cultivated land without obvious change,increasing the proportion of paddy field in the intersection area between Lesser Khingan and Changbai Mountain and Sanjiang Plain can improve food supply service. In conclusion,this study could help optimize the ecological pattern of the study area without further aggravating the spatial contradiction between ecological land and other land use types,which provides a scientific basis for promoting the dominant ecological function of Northeast China forest belt and giving full expression of its barrier function.