皖南山区人工景观对夏季鸟类群落的影响

Effects of artificial landscapes on summer bird communities in the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province

研究人工景观对鸟类的影响有助于相关保护对策的制定。本研究于2019年8月采用样线法对皖南山区中的农田、村庄、森林和公路等4种生境的鸟类群落进行了调查。共记录到鸟类4432只,隶属于13目39科86种。不同生境的鸟类个体数量从多到少依次为村庄、农田、公路、森林;各生境样线鸟类平均物种丰富度从高到低依次为农田、村庄、公路、森林;各生境鸟类累计物种丰富度从高到低依次为农田、森林、村庄、公路。农田的Shannon物种多样性指数最高,Pielou均匀度指数仅低于森林。村庄的Shannon指数和Pielou指数均最低。不同生境中鸟类群落的物种组成具有显著差异。鸟类群落的BrayCrutis相异性系数在森林和村庄之间最大,森林和农田之间次之,公路和农田之间的最小。在所记录到的鸟类中,其分布与生境类型有显著相关性的鸟类有14种。研究表明,皖南山区不同生境的鸟类群落具有显著差异,为了保护该地区的鸟类多样性,各类生境均应得到保护;农田是鸟类更为偏好的生境类型,但农田中人为干扰较为强烈,且其生物多样性保护的价值常被忽视,应加强对农田鸟类的保护。

Understanding the effects of anthropogenic landscapes on birds would inform conservation policy. In August 2019,we used line transects to survey bird communities in four habitats,i.e.,cropland,village,forest,and highway,in the mountainous area of southern Anhui Province. In total,we recorded 4432 birds,belonging to 86 species,39 families,and 13 orders.The mean bird abundance decreased from village to cropland,highway,and forest. The mean species richness decreased from cropland to village,highway,and forest,while the accumulated species richness decreased from cropland to forest,village,and highway. The Shannon diversity index in cropland was the highest,while the Pielou evenness index in cropland was only slightly lower than that in forest. These indices in village were the lowest. There were significant differences in bird species composition among the four habitats. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index was the highest between forest and village,followed by that between forest and cropland,whereas it was the lowest between highway and cropland. The occurrences of 14 species were significantly correlated with the habitat types. These results indicated that there were significant differences in bird communities among the different landscapes in the mountainous area of southern Anhui. All habitats should be conserved to protect the bird diversity in this region. Among those habitats,croplands were the most preferred for birds. However,human disturbance was more intense in croplands than in other habitats and the value of biodiversity conservation was often neglected.Therefore,the protection of cropland birds should be strengthened.