厦门地区未成年人变应性鼻炎的变应原分布特点

Distribution Characteristics of Allergens in Juvenile Allergic Rhinitis in Xiamen

【目的】探讨厦门地区未成年变应性鼻炎(Allergic Rhinitis,AR)的变应原分布特点。【方法】收集2016年1月至2019年12月在厦门大学附属第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊就诊的2639例临床可疑AR患者的皮肤点刺试验(Skin Prick Test,SPT)结果,分析变应原的分布特点,【结果】变应原阳性率由高到低分别为粉尘螨(68.62%)、屋尘蜗(68.09%)、蟑螂(19.78%)、动物毛(1.89%)、杂草(0.42%)、霉菌Ⅰ(0.38%)、霉菌Ⅱ(0.19%)、芒果(0.08%)。1〜6岁学龄前儿童组有971例,7〜13岁学龄儿童组有1344例,14〜17岁青春期组有324例.各组中男性明显多于女性;2017年患者数量最多,其次是2016年,2018年和2019年患者最少;夏季患者最多,有1048例(39.71%),春、秋、冬季分别为533例(20.20%)、524例(19.86%)和534例(20.23%)。粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂、动物毛阳性率在三个年龄组患者间比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),杂草、霉菌Ⅰ、霉菌Ⅱ、芒果阳性率在三个年龄组间比较均差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。【结论】厦门地区未成年AR患者以常年性AR为主,男性患者占主体,夏季高发,发病年龄以学龄时期最常见;最常见变应原为粉尘螨、屋尘螨和蟑螂,粉尘螨、屋尘螨、蟑螂、动物毛阳性率随着年龄增长有上升趋势,但近年来厦门未成年AR患者发病呈下降趋势。

【Objective】To understand the allergen characteristics,age,gender and season of high incidence of juvenile Allergic Rhinitis(AR)in Xiamen,as well as the general trend of its incidence in recent years,and to master AR overall characteristics and incidence situation.This study can provide accurate basis and guidance for health education,preventive medication and specific immunotherapy for AR patients in this area.【Methods】The results of SPT(Skin Prick Test)of 2639 juvenile clinically suspected AR patients in Xiamen area from January 2016 to December 2019 were collected,and the allergen results were collated and analyzed.【Results】The positive rates of allergens from high to low were dust mite(68.62%),house dust mite(68.09%),cockroach(19.78%),animal hair(1.89%),weed(0.42%),mold Ⅰ(0.38%),mold Ⅱ(0.19%)and mango(0.08%),respectively.There were 971 cases in 1 to 6 years old preschool group,1344 cases in 7 to 13 years old school group,and 324 cases in 14 to 17 years old adolescent group.Males were significantly more than females in each group.The highest number of patients was in 2017,followed by 2016,and there were the fewest cases in 2018 and 2019.There were 1048 cases(39.71%)in summer,533 cases(20.20%)in spring,524 cases(19.86%)in autumn and 534 cases(20.23%)in winter,respectively.The positive rates of dust mites,house dust mites,cockroaches and animal hairs were statistically different among the three age groups,while the positive rates of weeds,mold Ⅰ,mold Ⅱ and mango were not statistically different among the three age groups.【Conclusion】The majority of juvenile AR patients in Xiamen area are perennial AR,mainly male patients with high incidence in summer.The onset age is the most common in school age,followed by the early school and the adolescence.The most common allergens are dust mites,house dust mites and cockroaches.The positive rate of dust mite,house dust mite,cockroach and animal hairs are increasing with age.However,in recent years,the incidence of juvenile AR patients in Xiamen has been decreasing.