自由的可能与现实——读艾伦·伍德《黑格尔的伦理思想》

Possibility and Reality of Freedom:On AllenWood’s Hegel’s Ethical Thought

不同于里德尔、阿维纳瑞等人,伍德从伦理学角度出发,在德国观念论哲学语境下对黑格尔法哲学进行阐述,以期有所收获。他主要从自由与幸福、道德与伦理、历史精神与客观精神等主题出发对黑格尔的伦理思想进行考察。在伦理与道德的对立上,伍德站在黑格尔一边,反对康德的空洞的道德,赞成自由的社会性;在作为伦理学家的黑格尔与作为历史哲学家的黑格尔(或者不如说在黑格尔与马克思)的对立中,伍德偏向作为历史哲学家的黑格尔(或马克思),强调自由的革命的能动性;在隐含于幸福与自由对立背后的消极自由与积极自由之间,他一方面基于消极自由的立场,对黑格尔的自由观做出了否定的评价,另一方面又对它的能动性方面表达了一定的赞赏,反映了其社会批判的倾向。

Unlike other philosophers like Manfred Riedel and Shlomo Aveneri,Allen Wood expounds Hegelian philosophy of law from the perspective of ethics in the context of German idealism.He mainly examines Hegel’s ethical thought from the themes such as freedom and happiness,morality and ethics,historical spirit and objective spirit,etc.On the one hand,he gives a negative evaluation to Hegel’s view of freedom based on the standpoint of negative freedom;on the other,he appreciates its initiative as it reflects Hegel’s inclination to social criticism.