国际搜救卫星系统中轨道卫星地面接收站的设计研究

Design and Research of MEOSAR Ground Receiving Station in COSPAS-SARSAT

经过40年技术发展,国际搜救卫星系统(COSPAS-SARSAT)以其反应迅速、准确可靠、使用方便等优点广泛应用于航海、航空以及个人遇险救助行动中。由于静止轨道卫星系统技术局限和低轨道卫星系统空间资源不足,目前COSPAS-SARSAT已把利用中轨道卫星系统开展搜救业务作为下一代发展方向。为了提高搜救效率,保障COSPAS-SARSAT安全稳定运行,需设计建设中轨道卫星地面系统。文中着重介绍了中国中轨道卫星地面接收站的设计建设,不仅可实时确定示位标报警位置,也可支持处理新型航空遇险安全跟踪示位标报警。仿真结果表明:该设计将充分覆盖中国任务控制中心服务区和中国搜救责任区。该研究对中轨道卫星技术相关标准和业务规范的制定具有积极作用。

With the technology development for nearly 40 years, COSPAS-SARSAT is widely used in navigation, aviation, and personal distress rescue with the advantages of rapid response, high reliability and ease of use. Due to the technical limitations of the geostationary orbit satellite system and the insufficient space resources of the low earth orbit satellite system, the COSPAS-SARSAT has taken the medium earth orbit(MEO) satellite system as the development direction for the next generation. In order to improve the efficiency of search and rescue and to ensure the stable operation of the COSPAS-SARSAT, it is necessary to build a medium earth orbit search and rescue(MEOSAR) ground receiving station in China. This article focuses on the design of MEOSAR ground receiving station of China, which could not only receive the distress alert in real time but also support the processing of new-type distress alert for in-flight distress tracking. Simulation results show that it will fully cover the service area of China Mission Control Center and the search and rescue area of China. This study will play a positive role in the formulation of standards and specifications for MEO satellite technology.