2018—2020年北京市东城区饮用水中10种金属/类金属元素水平及其健康风险

Leves and health risk assessment of 10 kinds of metal/metalloid elements in drinking water in Dongcheng District of Beijing from 2018 to 2020

目的对北京市东城区生活饮用水中金属/类金属元素水平进行分析,并评估饮水暴露的健康风险。方法2018—2020年每月采集生活饮用水,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法检测10种金属/类金属元素,即铁、锰、铜、锌、铝、铅、镉、镍、砷和硒含量,并与生活饮用水卫生标准比较。采用美国环境保护局的健康风险评价方法进行评估。结果除1件水样中锌元素超出限值外,其余水样中10种元素指标均符合卫生标准。生活饮用水中铝、铁和锌元素在几十μg/L浓度水平;铜、锰、镍和硒元素在1~2μg/L甚至更低水平;有害元素砷、镉和铅基本小于1μg/L。饮用水中铝元素月平均浓度在一年中呈现先上升后下降的趋势;锌元素浓度呈逐年下降趋势。10种元素在市政管网末梢水和二次供水两种供水方式中差异无统计学意义。经饮水暴露的年致癌总风险为3.53×10^(-5),砷的致癌风险高于镉。非致癌总风险为9.75×10^(-8),非致癌风险排序为:砷>硒>镍>锌>铝>铅>铁>铜>锰>镉。总健康风险为3.54×10^(-5)。结论北京市东城区生活饮用水中10种金属/类金属元素含量符合生活饮用水卫生标准。依据美国国家环境保护局评价标准,元素经饮水暴露的健康风险可接受。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the level of metal/metalloid elements and assess the health risk in drinking water in Dongcheng District of Beijing.METHODS From 2018 to 2020,10 kinds of metal/metalloid elements(Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,Al,Pb,Cd,Ni,As and Se)in drinking water were detected by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).The concentration of these metals were compared with the hygiene standards of drinking water.The health risk assessment model was applied from the USEPA.RESULTS The concentration of 10 kinds of elements met the hygiene standards in all of the drinking water samples except that the zinc concentration of one sample exceeded the limit.The concentration of Al,Fe and Zn in drinking water was tens ofμg/L.The concentration of Cu,Mn,Ni and Se was 1-2μg/L or even lower.The concentration of As,Cd and Pb was basically less than 1μg/L.The monthly average concentration of Al in drinking water showed a trend of increasing,and then decreasing in a year.The concentration of Zn decreased year by year.The 10 kinds of elements had not shown significant difference in the two water supply modes of municipal pipe network terminal water and secondary water(P>0.05).The total carcinogenic risk of elements through drinking exposure was 3.53×10^(-5).The carcinogenic risk of As was higher than that of Cd.The total non-carcinogenic risk was 9.75×10^(-8).The order of non-carcinogenic risk was:As>Se>Ni>Zn>Al>Pb>Fe>Cu>Mn>Cd.The total health risk was 3.54×10^(-5).CONCLUSION The 10 kinds of metal/metalloid parameters of drinking water in Dongcheng District of Beijing met the hygiene standards.According to USEPA evaluation standard,the health risk assessment of elements in drinking water was acceptable.