考虑共同保鲜投资的农产品冷链承运商选择研究

Carriers Selection in Agri-food Cold Chain with Joint Preservation Investment

针对冷链承运企业保鲜投资不足造成冷链断链的问题,提出集成商与承运商共同保鲜投资以提升保鲜能力的设想.考虑由一个集成商和一个承运商组成的农产品两级运输服务链,分别构建了集成商与单个承运商和两个竞争性承运商的主从博弈模型,进而研究了集成商的承运商选择策略.研究结论表明,相比单个承运商,集成商引入竞争性承运商能够改善冷链保鲜水平.当承运商的保鲜投资较低且边际承运价格低于边际保鲜成本时,集成商才会进行保鲜投资.在信息对称情况下,集成商应选择保鲜水平敏感性较低的承运商;而在信息不对称情况下,集成商应选择保鲜水平敏感性较高的承运商,但是集成商与承运商保鲜投资差距过大会降低承运商的利润.特别的,如果两个竞争性承运商的保鲜水平敏感性相同,信息不对称更有利于集成商选出优质承运商.

Basd on the problem that cold chain chain is broken due to insufficient investment in carrier,the idea that integrator and carrier jointly invest in fresh-keeping is proposed to improve the fresh-keeping ability.We consider a two-echelon transport service chain of agri-food consisting of an integrator and a carrier,the stackelberg game models of the integrator and a single carrier and two competitive carriers were constructed respectively,and then the carrier selection strategy of the integrator was studied.The conclusion shows that compared with single carrier,integrator introducing competitive carrier,it can improve the cold chain fresh-keeping level.When the carrier’s fresh-keeping investment is low and the marginal carrier pricing price is lower than the marginal fresh-keeping cost,the integrator will make fresh-keeping investment.Under the condition of information symmetry,the integrator should choose the carrier with low sensitivity of fresh-keeping level.In the case of information asymmetry,the integrator should choose the carrier with higher sensitivity to the freshkeeping level,but integrator and carrier investment too much gap will reduce the returns on carrier.In particular,if two competing carriers have the same sensitivity to fresh-keeping level,the information asymmetry is more favorable for the integrator to select the superior carrier.