福楼拜的小资时代

Flaubert and Petty Bourgeoisie

福楼拜的书写与小资之间的纠葛,有着当下意义与文学旨趣。包法利夫人与弗雷德里克•莫罗是福楼拜笔下的小资形象,他们的身份认定并不太容易从经济结构、生产关系与生产资料的占有上获得标准的答案。小资情调与浪漫主义有着天然的契合之处,耽于想象,渴望诗意与远方,不安于现状,对平庸的生活不满,但是小资情调毕竟不是浪漫主义,即使它们在许多思维和行事方式上出奇地一致。与我们今天文学里的小资不同的是,福楼拜的小资出现在现实主义美学的写作风格里,作为生活趣味和美学理想,它以一种怪异和不合群的方式显现在福楼拜客观平实的叙事形式之中。

The entanglement between Flaubert’s writing and petty bourgeoisie has current significance and literary interest.Madame Bovary and Frederick Moreau are the petty bourgeois images described by Flaubert.Their identification is not easy to obtain standard answers from economic structure,production relations and the possession of production materials.Petty bourgeoisie and romanticism have a natural fit.They are indulging in imagination,longing for poetry and distance,uneasy about the status quo,and dissatisfied with mediocre life.However,petty bourgeoisie is not romanticism after all,even if they are surprisingly consistent in many ways of thinking and acting.Different from the petty bourgeoisie in our literature today,Flaubert's petty bourgeoisie appears in the writing style of realistic aesthetics.As a life taste and aesthetic ideal,it appears in the objective and plain way of Flaubert in a weird and uncomfortable way and in his original narrative form.