思想的客观性:从黑格尔的客观精神到马克思的市民社会

The Objectivity of Thought:From Hegel’s Objective Spirit to Marx’s Civil Society

黑格尔思想的客观性对于马克思思想具有奠基性的意义,其特别之处在于要求物在思想领域的重现。这意味着,其一思想唯有进入事物本身把握其本质属性,方能获得关于事物的真相;其二思想唯有跟随事物自身领会其运动发展,方能逐步完成关于事物的真理。黑格尔不仅重构了思想的客观性,而且提供了落实于家庭、市民社会、国家的客观思想。在此基础上,马克思通过对社会现实的剖析,使得作为物的市民社会的分裂对立属性及其自我扬弃运动得以显现。如果说黑格尔思想的客观性让出了人对于物的优越性,那么马克思的社会现实显现了物对于思想精神的根源性。

The objectivity of thought as understood by Hegel is of foundational significance to Marx’s thought.What is particular to it is that it requires the recurrence of things in the field of thought.This means that,firstly,thought can only obtain the truth about things by entering into the thing itself and grasping its essential attributes;secondly,thought can only gradually complete the truth about things by following the thing itself to understand its movement and development.Hegel not only reconstructed the objectivity of thought,but also provided objective thoughts implemented in family,the civil society,and the state.On this basis,through the analysis of social reality,Marx revealed the split and opposition in and the self-sublation movement of the civil society as a thing.If the objectivity of thought proposed by Hegel gives up the superiority of human beings over things,then Marx’s theory of social reality manifests the meaning of things as the root of thought and spirit.