20世纪七八十年代纽约市保障性住房政策的转变及其影响

The Transformation and Impacts of Affordable Housing Policy of New York City during the 1970s and 1980s

20世纪70年代前,纽约市已经建立了比较全面的保障性住房体系,除了匹配公共住房政策之外,在税收激励和租金管制等方面也形成了自己的特色,取得了相对较好的效果。从20世纪七八十年代至今,纽约市保障性住房长期短缺,无法满足市场需求。事实上,这一现象并非纽约市财力不足,而是保障性住房政策变化的结果。纽约市曾经是新政自由主义重镇,高度重视社会福利,推出了较为完善的保障性住房政策。70年代以后,国内外局势和纽约自身状况发生变化,再加上保障性住房长期以来备受争议,原有保障性住房政策体系逐渐瓦解,导致保障性住房无法满足需求。纽约市保障性住房政策转变的背后是城市治理策略的转变,即经济增长成为城市的首要任务,而社会福利逐渐被边缘化。大幅削减社会福利开支虽然刺激了经济增长,却加剧了两极分化,形成了不均衡发展的态势。

New York City has long been a pioneer in housing policy in the U.S.before the 1970s,with its own characteristics not only in public housing,but also in tax incentives and rent regulation.However,since the 1970s and the 1980s,the affordable housing of New York City was in shortage continuously,which became a great challenge faced by the city.In fact,this phenomenon was not attributed to the financial deficiency,but the political changes of affordable housing policy.As a typical neoliberal city,the municipal government of New York City paid great attention to the social welfare and introducing the relatively sound policy of the affordable housing.However,with the economic depression and financial crisis after the 1970s,New York City put the economic growth in the top priority instead of the social welfare.Although the transformation of affordable housing policy pushed the city’s economy to a new level,it caused the shortage of the affordable housing and put the city in a situation of uneven development.