行政复议委员会改革的风险与发展方向——与英国行政裁判所改革的比较

Risk and Development Direction of the Reform of Administrative Reconsideration Committee:Comparison with the Reform of British Administrative Tribunals

自2007年原国务院法制办公室下达《关于在部分省、直辖市开展行政复议委员会试点工作的通知》以来,与行政复议委员会有关的地方实践、学术研讨、立法计划就如火如荼地展开,与此有关的改革方向是受到多方关注和热议。行政复议制度欲借行政复议委员会改革清除多年的积弊,实现行政监督、权利救济、纠纷解决在制度功能上平衡,独立性、专业性、高效性、公平性在制度效果上兼顾。文章通过对英国行政裁判所改革过程的考察,看到这种愿景或将置行政复议委员会改革于过度司法化的风险之中,即在行政复议制度改革过程中,过于强调司法性而忽略行政性,过于主张独立性而忽视专业性。同时,意图平衡兼顾各项功能与效果的主张之下是否也暗藏着缺乏整体视角,而过度强调行政复议作为解决行政纠纷的主渠道功能。

Since the former Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council issued the notice on carrying out the pilot work of administrative reconsideration committees in some provinces and municipalities in 2007,local practice,academic discussion and legislative plans related to administrative reconsideration committees have been carried out in full swing,and the relevant reform direction has also attracted much attention.Through the reform of the administrative reconsideration committee,it aims to eliminate the accumulated disadvantages of the administrative reconsideration system for many years,realize the balance of administrative supervision,rights relief and dispute resolution in system functions,and give consideration to independence,professionalism,efficiency and fairness in system effects.Through the investigation of the reform process of the British Administrative Tribunals,it is seen that this may put the reform of the administrative reconsideration committee at the risk of excessive judicialization,that is,in the process of the reform of the administrative reconsideration system,it emphasizes too much on judicature and ignores administration,and advocates too much independence and ignores professionalism.At the same time,under the idea of balancing various functions and effects,we should take into consideration whether it will lack an overall perspective and overemphasize the function of administrative reconsideration as the main channel to solve administrative disputes.