《水浒传》“于宋江特依世家例”的史记学解读

Unscrambling Song Jiang Specially Adopted the Mode of Hereditary House in Water Margin from the Perspective of Historical Records

清初著名评点家金圣叹指出《水浒传》所写梁山一百零八人“于宋江特依世家例”,这一粗线条的观点体现出他对《水浒传》创作技法与叙事成就的理解,同时也体现出其对《史记》体例的认识、对《史记》叙事成就的独到见解。解读这一观点,应立足《水浒传》宋江其人其事,以《史记》的叙事成就为参照,尤其以《史记》“世家”的叙事成就为参考,从《史记》的叙事体例、“爱奇”的叙事风格、《史记》中蕴含的叙事智慧等方面入手,系统分析《水浒传》叙写宋江的技法,如此,方可作出恰当的解释。

Jin Shengtan,a famous critic in the early Qing Dynasty,pointed out that among the Liangshan 108 characters of Water Margin,Song Jiang was the only one who was taken the mode of Hereditary House.This brief statement reflects his understanding of the creative techniques of Water Margin.At the same time,it also reflects Jin Shengtan’s correct understanding of the style of historical records and his unique understanding of the narrative achievements of Historical Records.In response to this general view,we should base on Song Jiang himself and his deeds in Water Margin,then,take the narrative achievement of Historical Records as a reference,particularly taking the narrative achievement of aristocratic family as a reference,start with the narrative style of the advocating strangeness and its narrative wisdom contained in Historical Records,and analyze the techniques used to describe Song Jiang in Water Margin.Thus,we can give an appropriate explanation to Jin Shengtan’s point above.