从《史记·孔子世家》的正文与三家注的异文对比看司马迁的叙事意图

Comparing the Text of The Hereditary House of Confucius in Historical Records with the Variants of Sanjia Zhu to Get Sima Qian’s Narrative Intention

《史记·孔子世家》的史料来源颇为总杂,三家注为其中的人物事迹提供了不少异文。其中,值得进一步探讨的注释有三条,注者分别针对“孔子要绖”“匡人围孔子”“归与之叹”列出了另一故事版本。通过对比《史记·孔子世家》的正文与三家注的异文,并梳理历代研究者对于这些歧异之处的诠释,可以发现司马迁所书写的孔子形象近于普通人,具有与常人一般的情感、欲望,融入了作者曾受折辱的生命体验与发愤著书的创作理念。为了达成自己的叙事意图,司马迁会有意选择、剪切、重组史料,实现对原有材料的重写。此外,这些形象歧异也部分反映了汉唐之际学术思想与“士”概念的变迁。

In Historical Records,The Hereditary House of Confucius’historical sources are complicated,and the Sanjia Zhu provides some variants for the anecdotes.After going through all in Sanjia Zhu,there are three valuable annotations which offer another version to the stories of Confucius in Mourning,Confucius besieged by the Kuang and Confucius’Sigh for the Return.Comparing the text of The Hereditary House of Confucius with the variants of Sanjia Zhu and summarizing how the scholiasts interpreted these contradictions,we can notice that Confucius is more like a common person who has abnormal feelings and desire in Sima Qian’s opinion,and the figure is the reflection of the author’s insulting experience and creative idea about his devotion to writing as well.Besides,in order to convey his narrative intention,Sima Qian selected,cut and reorganized the original materials carefully and rewrote the materials to some extents.Moreover,some of the character differences reflect the development of the Confucianism and the concept of Shi from the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty.