氮磷钾肥施用时间与方法对油茶果实经济性状的影响

Effects of Fertilization Time and Method of NPK on Economic Characters of Camellia oleifera Fruit

【目的】探明氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的施用量及方法与时间组合对油茶果实相关经济性状影响,为当地的油茶种植实现高产稳产及最佳养分管理提供理论依据。【方法】采用L_(27)(9^(1)+3^(8))正交试验设计,研究不同组合处理油茶的出油率、总果数、总果重等,并对其进行统计分析。【结果】不同施肥时间、施肥方法和施磷肥量对油茶总果重显著影响,获得总果重高的最佳试验组合为10月初放射性沟施氮肥50 g+磷肥200 g+钾肥50 g;不同施肥方法、施肥时间、施氮/磷/钾肥量及氮磷钾肥互作对油茶总果数、出油率、平均单果重、果形指数、油茶鲜出籽率和干出籽率均无显著影响,不同施肥方法、磷钾肥互作对果皮厚度有显著影响,出油率及出籽率高的最佳组合为4月中下旬撒施氮肥50 g+磷肥50 g+钾肥50 g。【结论】从人力成本、肥料特性及化肥减施等角度考虑,最佳氮磷钾施肥技术为4月中下旬撒施氮肥50 g+磷肥及200 g+钾肥50 g。

【Objective】The effects of fertilization methods and time of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on the economic traits of Camellia oleifera fruit are studied to provide a theoretical basis for achieving high and stable yield and optimal nutrient management for the cultivation of local C.oleifera.【Method】With L_(27)(9^(1)+3^(8))orthogonal test design,the effect of different combination of fertilization time(9 periods,20 d interval at a time),fertilization method(spreading fertilizer,hole fertilizer and radiant ditching fertilizer),nitrogen fertilizer(50 g,100 g and 200 g),phosphate fertilizer(50 g,100 g and 200 g)and potassium fertilizer(50 g,100 g and 200 g)on the oil yield,total fruit number,total fruit weight and other relevant indicators of different treatments of C.oleifera are investigated and determined,and then the statistical analysis is conducted.【Result】Different fertilization time,fertilization methods,and phosphate fertilizer rates have significant effects on the total fruit weight of C.oleifera,and the best combination to obtain a high total fruit weight is the radioactive furrow application of 50 g nitrogen fertilizer+200 g phosphate fertilizer+50 g potassium fertilizer in early October.Different fertilization methods,fertilization time,amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and interaction of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have no obvious effects on the total fruit number,oil yield,average fruit weight,fruit shape index,fresh seed yield and dry seed yield of C.oleifera.Different fertilization methods and interaction of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers have significant effects on peel thickness,and the best combination to obtain high oil yield and high seed yield is broadcast application of 50 g nitrogen fertilizer+50 g phosphate fertilizer+50 g potassium fertilizer in mid-to-late April.【Conclusion】Considering from the perspectives of labor cost,fertilizer characteristics and chemical fertilizer reduction,the best NPK fertilization technique is 50 g nitrogen fertilizer+200 g phosphate fertilizer+50 g potassium fertilizer in mid-to-late April.