不同栽培基质对花毛茛开花及种球生长的影响

Effects of Mixed Cultivation Substrates on Flower Indexes and Bulb Growth of Ranunculus asiaticus

【目的】探明有机废弃物堆肥作为花毛茛(Ranunculus asiaticus L.)栽培基质的可行性,为生产应用提供科学依据。【方法】采用大棚试验方法,研究种植土(CK)、50%木薯渣+30%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石、50%松鳞+30%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石(含缓释肥)和50%园林废弃物+30%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石对花毛茛开花及种球生长的影响。【结果】不同基质处理花毛茛的花薹直径、花头直径、花头质量和开花率分别为0.48~0.67 cm、6.77~8.03 cm、7.90~10.34 g和54.8%~90.2%,球根质量和直径分别为4.05~7.07 g和2.18~2.98 cm,各基质处理均较CK提高;4种栽培基质以50%园林废弃物+30%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石的混合基质栽培花毛茛的长势最好,50%松鳞+30%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石(含缓释肥)栽培花毛茛的其次,种植土(无栽培基质)栽培花毛茛的长势最差。【结论】园林废弃物对花毛茛花期指标和地下球根具有明显的促进作用,50%园林废弃物+30%泥炭+10%珍珠岩+10%蛭石的混合基质可在花毛茛生产上推广应用。

【Objective】The feasibility of mixed cultivation substrates with organic waste in cultivation of Ranunculus asiaticus is discussed to provide the scientific basis for cultivation of R.asiaticus.【Method】The effects of planting soil(CK),50%manioc waste+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite,50%pine bark+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite including slow release fertilizer and 50%garden waste+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite on flower indexes and bulb growth of R.asiaticus are studied in a greenhouse.【Result】The pedicel diameter,flower head diameter,flower head quality,flowering rate,bulb quality and bulb diameter of R.asiaticus cultivated on three organic waste substrates are 0.48~0.67 cm,6.77~8.03 cm,7.90~10.34 g,54.8%~90.2%,4.05~7.07 g and 2.18~2.98 cm and higher than CK,respectively.The growth vigor of R.asiaticus cultivated on the substrate of 50%garden waste+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite is the best,followed by the substrate of 50%pine bark+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite including slow release fertilizer,the substrate of 50%manioc waste+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite and planting soil(CK).【Conclusion】The garden waste has the obvious promoting effects on flower indexes and bulb growth of R.asiaticus.The mixed substrate of 50%garden waste+30%peat+10%perlite+10%vermiculite can be popularized and applied in production of R.asiaticus.