基于频率调谐的非侵入性神经调制手段在精神疾病中的应用

Applications of frequency-tuned non-invasive neural modulation in neuropsychiatric diseases

大脑中不同节律的神经振荡与认知、注意、记忆、情绪等功能,及多种神经精神疾病的临床症状密切相关。通过外部施加节律性刺激可以调制神经活动。大脑内特定频率的神经振荡被外界节律性刺激调制而产生相位锁定的现象称为神经振荡-外界节律同步化。这种同步化现象为非侵入性神经调制提供了新思路。目前,基于频率调谐的非侵入性神经调制方法已被应用于精神疾病干预,通过调控神经活动可缓解精神疾病患者的症状。对基于频率调谐的非侵入性神经调制方法及其临床应用进行总结将有助于促进其技术发展及进一步的应用推广。本文首先介绍了神经振荡-外界节律同步化的潜在机制,然后总结了当前基于频率调谐的非侵入性神经调制方法,接着梳理了其在精神疾病领域的应用,最后对其未来的发展方向进行了展望。基于频率调谐的非侵入性神经调制手段不仅有助于理解神经振荡与精神疾病的关系,发现精神疾病的神经标志物,而且为精神疾病的非侵入性神经调控提供了新的方法和思路。

Neural oscillations of different rhythms in the brain are closely related to human cognition,attention,memory,emotion and the clinical symptoms of neurological and mental disorders.The rhythm of external stimulation can modulate neural activity.Neural entrainment refers to the phenomenon that the neural oscillation of a specific frequency in the brain is modulated by the external rhythmic stimulation,resulting in phase locking.This kind of synchronization provides new ideas for non-invasive neural modulation.The frequency-tuned non-invasive neural modulation has been applied to mental disorders intervention,as the symptoms of patients can be alleviated by effective modulation of neural activity.A summary of the methodology and clinical applications of frequency-tuned non-invasive neural modulation could help with the technical development and further application promotion.This paper reviews the potential mechanisms and applications of current frequency-tuned non-invasive neuromodulation methods in the field of mental disorders,and discusses the future research directions.Frequency-tuned non-invasive neural modulation not only helps to study the relationship between neural oscillations and psychiatric disorders so as to uncover neural markers of mental disorders,but also provides new ideas and methods for non-invasive neuromodulation of mental disorders.