杨朱及其思想再考

The Textual Research on Yang Zhu and His Thoughts

杨朱是先秦时期重要的思想家,其学说在中国思想史上经历了兴盛、衰亡与活化的历程。近代学者对杨朱的生平事迹、学派归属、思想义旨、后学分化等方面进行了不同程度的考辨。综合观之,杨朱是战国初年淮河流域的著名道家学者,思想上以“为我”“贵己”的人生哲学为主。杨朱关注生命个体的价值理念源于老子,对庄子及黄老道家的重生、养生观念产生了较大影响。今存《列子·杨朱》篇是魏晋之作,但与《吕氏春秋》中的数篇可以共同作为研究杨朱后学思想的史料文献。杨朱后学出现“忍情性”与“纵情性”的学派分化,于秦汉魏晋时期形成适欲与纵欲的思想潮流。

Yang Zhu was an important thinker in the pre-Qin period and his theory experienced the process of prosperity,decline and activation in the history of Chinese thoughts.Modern scholars have studied and distinguished Yang Zhu’s life story,school affiliation,ideological purport and post-school differentiation to different degrees.From a comprehensive point of view,Yang Zhu was a famous taoist scholar in Huai River valley in the early Warring States period.Yang Zhu’s ideal for the value of individual life originated from Lao Tzu and had a great influence on the concept of paying attention to life and health preservation of Zhuang Zi and Huang-Lao school.Lie zi Yang Zhu is a work of the Wei and Jin dynasties,but it can be used as a historical document to study Yang Zhu’s post-school thoughts together with several works in Lüshi Chun qiu.The school differentiation of“Tolerance and indulgence”appeared in Yang Zhu’s post-school,which formed the ideological trend of abstinence and fleshliness in the Qin,Han,Wei and Jin dynasties.