刑事司法中逻辑法条主义的反思

Reflection on Logic Legalism in Criminal Justice

鉴于"深圳鹦鹉案"等热点刑事案件的裁判结果与大众情感、观念的尖锐对立,有必要对决定裁判结果的逻辑法条主义进行检讨与反思。逻辑法条主义在我国刑事司法领域的表现是全方位的,包括定罪层次的定性化机制、量刑层次的定量化机制以及刑事程序的科层式决策机制等。逻辑法条主义的产生有其深厚的历史根源和现实成因。新中国成立以来,逻辑法条主义从无到有、逐渐形成,当前的司法体制则为逻辑法条主义的盛行提供了理念、制度、技术上的支撑。然而,逻辑法条主义在司法实践中引起诸多冲突,包括实质正义观念和形式正义观念的冲突、专业审判组织决策与民众意见的冲突、抽象立法与具体现实的冲突等。为达成逻辑法条主义下的情法协调,需要在立法和司法层面上予以改革完善,包括完善人民陪审员制度、建立中国特色的"法官造法"制度(最高人民法院及其巡回法庭的法律审制度)、提高立法技术等。

In view of the sharp opposition between the court ruling results and the public sentiments and concepts in hot criminal cases such as the “Shenzhen Parrot Case”, it is necessary to review and reflect on the logical legalism that determines the court ruling results. The performance of logical legalism in the field of criminal justice in China is comprehensive, including the qualitative mechanism at the conviction level, the quantification mechanism at the sentencing level, and the bureaucratic decision-making mechanism in criminal procedures, etc. The emergence of logical legalism has its profound historical and practical causes. Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, logical legalism has emerged and gradually formed, and the current judicial system has provided theoretical, institutional and technical support for the prevalence of logical legalism. However, logical legalism has caused many conflicts in judicial practice, including the conflicts between the concepts of substantive justice and formal justice, between decisions made by the professional trial organization and the opinions of the people, and between abstract legislation and concrete reality. In order to achieve the coordination of sentiment and legality under logical legalism, it is necessary to reform and improve at the legislative and judicial levels, including improving the people’s juror system, establishing a “judge-making law” system with Chinese characteristics(law review by the Supreme People’s Court and its circuit courts), and improving legislative techniques, etc.