方法为本、理论驱动与机制分析——社会工作服务效果评估的三种策略

Method-Based,Theory-Driven and Mechanism Analysis:Three Approaches for Social Work Service Effect Evaluation

社会工作服务效果评估内嵌了因果律。受因果律本体论假定的影响,社会工作服务效果评估通常有两种方法,一种用社会科学研究方法探索经验层次服务与结果之间的规则性联系,另一种用理论来解释经验层次规则性联系。前者属于统计学解释,后者属于机制性解释。为整合统计学解释与机制性解释,文章以实用主义的机制内涵和过程追踪法为指导,提出“经验−方法−理论”和“理论−方法−经验”两种不同的社会工作服务效果评估策略。

Causality is embedded in the effectsevaluation of social work services.Influenced by the ontology of causality,there are two approaches to evaluate the effects of social work services.One is to explore the regular relationship between services and results based on social science research methods,and the other is to explain the regular relationship between services and results based on theory.The former belongs to statistical interpretation,while the latter belongs to mechanism interpretation.In order to integrate the statistical interpretation and the mechanism interpretation,under the guidance of pragmatism mechanism and process tracing,this paper puts forward two different methods of social work service effect evaluation:“experiencemethod-theory”and“theory-method-experience”.