社会政策和经济进步

Social Policy and Economic Progress

该文①是英国和世界社会政策创始人与现代社会福利理论奠基人蒂特马斯的经典文献之一。在欧洲“福利国家”处于鼎盛和美国自由主义经济学家鼓吹福利私营化,尤其是在社会高度工业化、物质财富日益丰富、国家与社会变得日益富裕的背景下,作者从社会政策与经济发展的视角,聚焦政府在现代社会福利中的地位、功能、角色与作用议题,运用英国和美国社会发展的历史经验教训,围绕社会变迁带来的社会成本和诸多社会问题,如收入和财富不平等、耻辱污名、贫困、不自由、冲突暴力、负所得税和社会成本量化测量,深刻分析和彻底批判自由主义有关竞争性私人市场的若干假设,尤其是经济学中长期盛行的“乐观性的自动化模型”,总结和指出英美社会现存若干严重的思想认识误区,充分论证了“现代社会经济发展水平越高,越需要社会政策与福利国家制度,而且社会政策与福利国家制度发挥作用越大”的客观发展规律与基本方向,明确阐述经济政策与社会政策、经济增长与社会增长之间的互动关系,首次提出社会政策目标和社会发展方向是“由贫穷转变为不平等,由特定项目转变为整合社会权利,由经济增长转变为社会增长”的战略转型,历史意义深远。

This paper is one of the classic literature of Titmuss,the founder of social policy in Britoin and the world and the founder of modern sociol welfare theory.The“welfare state”was in its heyday in Europe and American liberal economists advocated the privatization of welfare.Against the background of highly industrialized society,increasingly rich material wealth,and prosperous country and society,the author focused on the status,function,role and role of the government in modern social welfare from the perspective of social policy and economic development.Using the historical experience and lessons of social development in the United Kingdom and the United States,the author focused on the social cost and many social problems brought about by social change,such as income and wealth inequality,shame,stigma,poverty,non-freedom,violent conflict,negative income tax and the quantitative measurement of social costs,deeply analyzed and thoroughly criticized a number of assumptions about competitive private markets from the liberalism,especially the longterm prevailing economics automation model of“optimism”,summarized and pointed out some serious misunderstanding on existing British and American thoughts.It fully demonstrated the objective development law and basic direction that“the higher the level of modern social and economic development is,the more social policy and welfare state system is needed,and the greater the role of social policy and welfare state system is”,and clearly expounded the interactive relationship between economic policy and social policy,economic growth and social growth.For the first time,it put forward the strategic transformation of“from poverty to inequality,from specific projects to integration of social rights,and from economic growth to social growth”,which is of far-reaching historical significance.