福利国家和福利社会

Welfare State and Welfare Society

该文①是英国和世界社会政策创始人与现代福利理论奠基人蒂特马斯的经典文献之一。如何建设福利国家与福利社会是当代世界各国政府共同面临的最大社会政策议题。蒂特马斯针对英美社会福利私营化与市场化的现实状况,尤其是将社会福利误解为“公共负担”的错误认知,从国际福利视角,运用医生、教师和社会工作者等案例,首次界定福利国家与福利社会概念,从普惠性与选择性社会服务原则出发,采用公民应得社会权利的分析框架,提出“共同体责任”概念。他以英国社会福利历史经验教训为证据,从现代社会福利哲学与福利政治学高度,深入分析、批判以资产审查为代表的选择性社会服务原则,首次明确指出20世纪60年代英国和欧洲福利制度面临的真正挑战是:如何在坚持普惠性主义社会服务原则下,提供积极性区分和差别化服务。作者认为,假如没有这种福利资源和价值观框架的基础结构设施体系,就无法确定“福利社会”这一概念,也不能讨论如何朝着一种“福利社会”前进。

This paper is one of the classic literature of Titmuss,the founder of social policy in Britain and the world and the founder of morden social welfare theory.How to construct a welfare state and welfare society is the biggest political issue faced by governments all over the world.Against the reality of American and British social welfare privatization and marketization,especially the social welfare misinterpreted as“public burden”,Titmuss,from the international welfare perspective,used the cases such as doctors,teachers and social workers for the first time to define the welfare state and welfare social concept,and proposed the concept of“community responsibility”from the principle of universal and selective social services based on the analytical framework of citizens'due social rights.From the perspective of modern social welfare philosophy and welfare politics,he deeply analyzed and criticized the principle of selective social service represented by asset review with the historical experience and lessons of British social welfare as evidence.He pointed out for the first time that the real challenges faced by the British and European welfare systems in the 1960s were as follows:How to provide positive differentiated and differentiated services under the principle of universal social service?The author argues that if there is no such infrastructure of welfare resources and values framework,the concept of“welfare society”cannot be defined and how to move towards a“welfare society”cannot be discussed.