广东省工人手传振动职业接触水平调查

Investigation on occupational exposure level of workers to hand-transmitted vibration in Guangdong province

目的调查广东省作业工人手传振动(HTV)接触水平,为职业性手臂振动病(OHAVD)的防控提供依据。方法采用判断抽样的方法,对广东省50家工作过程中存在HTV工艺的企业进行现场职业卫生学调查及HTV职业接触水平检测,并对其危害程度进行评价。结果共检测来自14个行业50家企业的258个测点的HTV接触水平,主要分布在7种作业岗位,其中打磨岗位占74.42%(192/258),其次是抛光(6.98%)和装配岗位(5.43%)。打磨岗位由于使用气动打磨机、电动打磨机、平板机和直磨机作为工具,故振动强度较高,其振动总值分别为直磨机2.76~13.24 m/s^(2)、气动打磨机1.27~32.40 m/s^(2)、电动打磨机1.80~25.48 m/s^(2)、平板机9.82~15.01 m/s^(2)。超过4 h等能量频率计权振动加速度[A(4)]职业接触阈限值(5.0 m/s^(2))的测点共44个(17.05%),超标测点最多的是打磨岗位(34个,17.71%),测点超标率最高的是切割岗位[57.14%(4/7)]。按照8 h等能量频率计权加速度[A(8)]数值评价,HTV接触危害分级>0的测点共42个(16.28%),其中危害分级Ⅰ级30个、Ⅱ级11个、Ⅲ级1个;危害超标测点打磨岗位最多(32个)。结论 HTV职业接触危害广泛存在于多个行业、多种岗位中,以打磨岗位为主,应加强相关防控措施,积极预防OHAVD,保护作业工人身心健康。

Objective To investigate the current status of occupational exposure level of workers to hand-transmitted vibration(HTV)in Guangdong province, and conclude thereby basis for the prevention and control of occupational hand-arm vibration disease(OHAVD) in HTV worksites.Methods A field occupational hygiene survey and the manual vibration contact level detection were conducted in 50 enterprises with manual vibration enterprises in working process of Guangdong province by the way of judgement sampling, and evaluate its hazard degree as well.Results The results showed that a total of 258 measuring points from 50 enterprises in 14 industries were tested, mainly distributed in 7 kinds of operation posts.Of which the grinding post accounted for 74.42%(192/258),then, were the polishing post(6.98%)and assembling post(5.43%).Due to the use of hand tools such as pneumatic grinder, electric grinder, flat grinder and straight grinder, etc.the vibration total value range were 1.27~32.40 m/s^(2)(pneumatic grinders),1.80~25.48 m/s^(2)(electric grinders),2.76~13.24 m/s^(2)(straight grinders),and 9.82~15.01 m/s^(2)(flat grinders).There are 44 measuring points(17.05%)exceeded the occupational exposure value of 4 hours energy equivalent frequency-weighted acceleration[A(4)](5.0 m/s^(2)).Among all of the measured posts, the largest number of measuring points exceeded standard was grinding post(34,17.71%),while the post with the highest exceedance rate was cutting post(57.14%,4/7).If it was evaluated according to the value of 8 hours energy equivalent frequency weighted acceleration[A(8)],there were 42 measuring points(16.28%)with manual vibration exposure risk>0,among them, there were 30 at risk level Ⅰ,11 at risk level Ⅱand 1 at risk level Ⅲ;while the post with the largest number of risk exceeding standard was grinding(32).Conclusion The results suggested that the occupational exposure hazards of hand-transmitted vibration widely exist in many industries and posts in Guangdong province, especially the grinding post.Therefore, relevant prevention and control measures should be strengthened to actively prevent OHAVD and protect the physical and mental health of workers.