阿奇霉素在儿科临床应用中的不良反应与药学观察

Adverse reactions and pharmaceutical observations of azithromycin in pediatrics

目的 研究阿奇霉素在儿科临床应用中的不良反应发生状况,总结药学观察措施。方法 400例儿科感染疾病患儿,以随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组200例。将观察组患儿根据用药剂型分为静滴组(91例)和口服组(109例)。对照组患儿选用除外阿奇霉素的其他抗生素治疗,观察组患儿选用阿奇霉素治疗;静滴组患儿选用注射用阿奇霉素静脉滴注治疗,口服组患儿选用阿奇霉素分散片口服治疗。比较观察组与对照组、静滴组与口服组的不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组患儿的不良反应发生率19.0%明显高于对照组的10.5%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均以胃肠道反应最多,其次是过敏反应。静滴组患儿的不良反应发生率18.68%与口服组的19.27%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 阿奇霉素在儿科应用中的不良反应较多,临床上在使用阿奇霉素时严格把握适应证,加强用药期间的药学监护观察,及早发现不良反应,对症处理。

Objective To study the adverse reaction of azithromycin in pediatric,and summarize pharmaceutical observation measures.Methods A total of 400 children with infectious diseases were divided into observation group and control group by random numerical table,with 200 cases in each group;children in observation group were divided into intravenous infusion group(91 cases)and oral group(109 cases)according to the forms of medication.Children in the control group were treated with antibiotics other than azithromycin,while children in the observation group were treated with azithromycin.Children in the intravenous infusion group were treated with intravenous infusion of azithromycin,and the children in the oral group were treated with oral azithromycin dispersible tablets.The adverse reactions of the observation group and the control group,intravenous infusion group and oral group were compared.Results The incidence of adverse reactions among children in the observation group was 19.0%,which was significantly higher than 10.5%in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Gastrointestinal reactions were the most common in both groups,followed by allergic reactions.The incidence of adverse reactions 18.68%of the intravenous group was not statistically difference from 19.27%of the oral group(P>0.05).Conclusion Azithromycin has more adverse reactions in pediatrics.Clinical use of azithromycin should strictly grasp the indications,and strengthen the pharmacological care and observation during medication,so as to find adverse reactions early and deal with them symptomatically.