外发工厂妇女的劳动生活困境与应对:一个零工经济与性别融合的分析

Constraints and Response of the“Left-Behind”Women Working in Out-Sourcing Factories-Analysis from the Perspective of Gender-Based Gig Economy

本文借助零工经济的视角,融合性别、城乡、家庭等多重分析维度,呈现了粤西乡村留守妇女在当地外发工厂弹性就业的生产生活,分析了其劳动形式、雇佣关系、劳动过程等,凸显出妇女因性别身份限制在弹性工作制、亲缘用工和家务负担三方面面临的困境。妇女通过收入增加在就近就业、父权制家庭规范和离散家庭模式的挤压中获得了一定的生活空间;更重要的是,借助劳动形成的群体关系成为妇女应对个人困境的独特性别化策略。

This paper investigates the experience of"left-behind"women’s flexible employment in a local out-sourcing factory in western Guangdong.We examine the form of labor,employment relation and labor process of this factory from the point of views of gig economy.Interweaving the dimensions of gender,family and urban/rural dichotomy into our analysis,we see more clearly how the women were manipulated and constrained by their gendered identity.We identified the so-called flexible working hours,affinity employment and double burden of work and housework as the main difficulties the women faced.With an increased income the women tried to create more personal space away from traditional familial norms and burdens imposed by their employment in proximity to home.More importantly,they connected to form groups to help one another carry on through all predicaments,as a unique way for the women to resist against the gender-based constraints.