无人机航测像控点布设对空三精度的影响研究

Study on the effects of layout of image control point of UAV aerial survey on aerial precision

无人机低空航测作业中,空三精度常常取决于像控点布设方案。为论证像控点布设方案对测图精度的影响,减少冗余像控点参与空三解算,探索合理高效的布点方案,文中利用小型多旋翼无人机在一定范围内按照规范要求进行航测实验,获取高精度的无人机POS数据。通过全站仪实测获取地面控制点的坐标数据,并对像控点布设方案进行数据处理。通过Pix4D mapper软件空三解算及CASS软件点位数据处理得出:5个像控点时点位误差精度较高,点位中误差平面精度为0.0507 m,高程中误差为0.1074 m。本研究得出的均匀布点及衍生的边角加密布点等方案均可满足1∶1000航测内业成图精度要求。

The aerial precision often depends on the layout scheme of image control points in the low altitude aerial survey of UAV.In order to demonstrate the influence of layout scheme of image control points on the mapping accuracy,reduce the participation of multiple image control points in aerial calculation as well as explore a reasonable and efficient layout scheme,a small multi-rotor UAV is used in this paper to conduct aerial survey experiments in a certain range according to the specification requirements to obtain high-precision UAV POS data.Data processing for the layout scheme of image control points are conducted by measuring the coordinate data of ground control points with total station instrument.It is concluded that the point error accuracy of five image control points is high according to the results of aerial calculation of software Pix4 D mapper and point data processing of software CASS.The point mean square error plane accuracy is 0.0507 m.The elevation mean square error is 0.1074 m.The uniform point distribution and derived edge and corner encryption point distribution obtained in this study can meet the mapping accuracy requirements of 1∶1000 aerial survey.