生活垃圾分类后垃圾焚烧面临的环境问题与建议

Environmental Problems and Suggestions of Waste Incineration after Domestic Waste Classification

我国垃圾分类制度的建设经历了2000—2009年的探索试点期、2010—2016年的制度完善期和2016年12月至今的重点突破期,生活垃圾焚烧处理企业由2010年的104个增长至2019年的389个,10年增长了2.74倍,焚烧处理能力相应由8.49万t/d增长至45.65万t/d,增长了4.38倍。试行垃圾分类后,垃圾焚烧污染源强产生了显著的变化。目前我国垃圾焚烧产业环境管理面临着排放影响不清、监管应对不够和技术支撑不足三方面的问题,对此本文提出了明确垃圾分类对污染物排放影响、推动全过程环境管理和做好技术标准支撑等环境管理建议。

The construction process of waste classification system in China has experienced the exploratory pilot period from 2000 to 2009,the system improvement period from 2010 to 2016,and the key breakthrough period from December 2016 to now.The number of domestic waste incineration and treatment enterprises increased from 104 in 2010 to 389 in 2019,an increase of 2.74 times in 10 years,the incineration capacity increased from 84900 t/d to 456500 t/d,an increase of 4.38 times.The pollution source of waste incineration has changed significantly,since trial implementation of domestic waste classification.At present,three challenges in waste incineration environmental management are identified∶effect on pollutant emission is not clear;environmental management policy is inadequate and insufficient technical support.Based on above,related environmental suggestions are provided∶to clarify the pollutant emission that caused by domestic waste classification;to promote the whole-process environmental management and to make great efforts to technical standard support.